看不見的連接—英國脫歐紀念碑設計國際競賽方案

朱文一

從2013年英國前首相卡梅隆首次提出英國脫歐到近年來英國首相特蕾莎·梅的積極推動,英國脫歐正在向縱深發展。英國脫歐已經成為當今世界具有重大影響力的事件之一。2017年11月，巴黎建筑學院舉辦了題為“英國脫歐紀念碑”設計國際競賽，競賽副標題為“后英國脫歐時代法國和英國的基礎設施：聯合王國離開歐盟后歐洲隧道的未來”。競賽地段選址在連接英國和歐洲大陸的英吉利海峽隧道出入口，法國的Coquelles鎮附近的海峽隧道出入口和英國的Folkstone鎮附近的海峽隧道出入口以及連接倫敦和巴黎的高速列車上，這本身就具有強烈的象征意味。競賽主辦方希望通過英國脫歐紀念碑的設計激發對失去歐洲合作議題的討論，但要充分考慮英國脫歐議題的敏感性。

朱文一工作室提交的“看不見的連接”（Link-Invisible）方案選擇高速列車車廂作為紀念載體，嘗試紀念碑設計的新類型。方案的特點如下：

第一，歐洲之星高速列車是跨越歐洲和英國的移動基礎設施，它在特定的時段內歸屬于競賽劃定的海峽隧道出入口。“看不見的連接”方案設計了一節高速列車車廂，名叫“特殊透明車廂”（A Special Transparent Carriage,STC）(圖1）。在英國脫歐之后，可以看到在歐洲之星高速列車中部，有一節特殊的、車廂外殼由透明材料制成的車廂（圖2）。STC車廂則隨歐洲之星列車頻繁穿梭于布魯塞爾、巴黎和倫敦。方案想要表達的是，即使英國脫歐，歐洲（法國）和英國的連接也會非常緊密，只不過是連接方式不同而已。

第二，STC車廂透明材料上設計了法國、歐盟和英國的旗幟，分別代表與英國脫歐議題關聯的國家和機構（圖3）。車廂內則布置了6輛向前騎行的健身自行車，象征健康的、協同的、充滿活力的法國、歐盟和英國。這正是此方案所希望展示的STC既是具有紀念意義的基礎設施，也是可以互動的紀念裝置。人們在STC上騎行，歐洲之星列車駛過海峽隧道口以及隧道，都可以提示人們體會英國脫歐議題。

第三，STC車廂的透明表皮考慮了萬能視角下衛星地圖上的建筑體驗（圖4）。在萬能視角下，可以看到STC車廂地板上滿布的脫落一顆星的歐盟旗幟和英國國旗以及STC車頂半透明的法國三色國旗。只要衛星地圖上出現這列特殊的歐洲之星列車，人們就可以看到STC車廂。極強的移動性創造的廣泛影響力，成為方案的又一個特色。

當在衛星地圖上看到歐洲之星列車上的STC車廂正好行駛在海峽隧道口時，競賽提出的地段上就出現了“看不見的連接”—英國脫歐紀念碑方案（圖5、圖6）。即使在智能手機衛星地圖上，也可以體驗到奇妙的STC車廂。

圖1 / Figure 1“看不見的連接”設計構想A Concept of the Link-Invisible

圖片來源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

In November 2017, the Paris School of Architecture hosted an international competition entitled “Brexit Monument” . The subtitle of the competition is “Post-Brexit Franco-British Infrastructure: The Future of the Eurotunnel after the United Kingdom‘s Departure from the EU”. The site is located at the entrance to the Channel Tunnel connecting the UK and continental Europe (Figure 1). The Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Coquelles in France and the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Folkstone in the UK, as well as the highspeed trains connecting London and Paris, have a strong symbolic meaning. The “Link-Invisible”scheme submitted by Zhu Wenyi Atelier chose highspeed train compartments to try new typology of monument.

First, the Eurostar high-speed train is a mobile infrastructure that spans Europe and the United Kingdom. The proposal designed a high-speed train compartment called “A Special Transparent Carriage”(STC) (Figure 2). Even after the Brexit, you can see a STC in the middle of the Eurostar high-speed train. The STC carriages travel frequently with the Eurostar trains in Brussels, Paris and London. It expresses that even after the Brexit, Europe (France)and the United Kingdom will also be very close, but the connection is different.

Second, the STC transparent material is designed with the flags of France, the European Union and the United Kingdom, representing the countries and EU associated with the Brexit issue (Figure 3).Inside the carriage, 6 fitness bike that rides forward,symbolizes healthy, coordinated, vibrant France, the European Union and the United Kingdom. When people are riding on the STC, when the Eurostar train crosses the Channel Tunnel, they can remind people of the Brexit issue.

Third, the transparent skin of the STC top takes into account the architectural experience on satellite maps (Figure 4). From God's eye view, you can see that the STC floor board is covered by the EU flag and the British flag, as well as the STC translucent French tricolor flag. The mobility of this monument has become another point of the proposal.

When the STC car on the Eurostar train seen on the satellite map was just at the entrance of the Channel(Figure 5, 6), you can experience the wonderful STC even through smart phone.

Brexit but still link invisible.

圖2 / Figure 2歐洲之星高速列車上一節“特殊透明車廂（STC）”A Special Transparent Carriage (STC) on the Eurostar high-speed train

圖3 / Figure 3 STC立面圖Elevation of STC

圖4 / Figure 4 STC平面圖Plan of STC

圖5 / Figure 5衛星圖上STC在英國的Folkstone鎮附近的海峽隧道出入口STC on the satellite map appears at the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Folkstone, UK

圖6 / Figure 6衛星圖上STC在法國的Coquelles鎮附近的海峽隧道出入口STC on the satellite map appears at the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Coquelles, France