15個假儉草生態(tài)型抗旱性綜合評價

劉一明+馮宇+陳志堅

摘 要 干旱是最普遍的非生物脅迫之一，嚴(yán)重影響草坪草的正常生長，制約草坪綠地的建設(shè)和發(fā)展。中國水資源嚴(yán)重缺乏，而假儉草[Eremochloa ophiuroides （Munro） Hack.]的種植需要大量水分。因此篩選假儉草抗旱種質(zhì)具有重要意義。以不同生境的15個假儉草生態(tài)型為材料，進(jìn)行抗旱性篩選及抗旱生理機(jī)制研究，結(jié)果表明：不同野生假儉草生態(tài)型間抗旱差異顯著；相關(guān)分析表明，目測質(zhì)量、葉片相對含水量與葉綠素含量的相關(guān)性最高，可作為假儉草抗旱篩選的重要指標(biāo)；通過各指標(biāo)抗旱指數(shù)的主成分分析及隸屬函數(shù)分析表明，CP6和CP10假儉草抗旱性最好，而CP4和CP13假儉草最干旱敏感。

關(guān)鍵詞 假儉草 ；抗旱 ；生態(tài)型 ；評價

中圖分類號 S451

Abstract Drought is one of the most common abiotic stresses， which seriously affects the normal growth of turfgrass and restricts the construction and development of turfgrass. The water resources in China is lacking， and the establishment of centipedegrass （Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack） requires a lot of water. Therefore， it is important to screen the drought tolerant centipedegrass. In this study， 15 centipedegrass ecotypes from different habitats of China were evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences in drought resistance among different ecotypes of centipedegrass. Correlation analysis showed that， visual quality， leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content were highly correlated， which could be used as important indexes for screening drought tolerant centipedegrass. The principal component analysis and membership function analysis showed that CP6 and CP10 were the best drought resistance， while CP4 and CP13 were the most drought sensitive.

Key words centipedegrass ；drought tolerance ；ecotypes ；evaluation

干旱脅迫是影響植物生長最主要的環(huán)境脅迫因子之一[1]。世界干旱、半干旱區(qū)占地球陸地面積的33 %，中國干旱和半干旱耕地有0.38億hm2，占全國耕地面積的47 %[2]。從植物的生長發(fā)育上看，植物生長于土壤之中，不能主動移動，在整個生活周期或某個生長發(fā)育階段，經(jīng)常會遇到短暫的相對水分含量下降的情況，只要植物蒸騰速率超過水分吸收速率，植物即發(fā)生干旱脅迫[3]。植物的生長發(fā)育中，對水分的需求多樣化與外界水資源的供給間存在的不平衡，導(dǎo)致干旱不可避免且廣泛發(fā)生。

假儉草[Eremochloa ophiuroides （Munro） Hack.]是禾本科蜈蚣草屬多年生草本植物，中國本土植物，主要分布于長江流域及其以南地區(qū)，具有植株低矮、分蘗能力強(qiáng)、耐貧瘠、生長緩慢、耐粗放管理及病蟲害少等優(yōu)點[4，5]。……