19份瑞士木薯資源的育種特性評價

葉劍秋+張潔+肖鑫輝

摘 要 通過田間試驗對引自瑞士的19份木薯進行綜合評價，包括株高、主莖直徑、塊根直徑、單薯鮮重、鮮薯淀粉含量和支鏈淀粉含量的測定和綜合分析，篩選適合中國不同用途的木薯資源。結果表明：19份種質在田間表現出較大的差異，瑞士J17、瑞士M14和瑞士D23綜合表現最好，是育種的優選材料，瑞士NO12和瑞士D12在薯產量和質量上有較大的優勢，適合用于以塊根為收獲目的的育種研究，瑞士13M、瑞士S8和瑞士88地上部植株產量較高，適合于以地上部莖葉為收獲目的的育種研究。

關鍵詞 木薯種質 ；田間試驗 ；育種特性評價

中圖分類號 S533

Abstract In this study， 19 cassava germplasms from Switzerland were evaluated through filed experiment， plant height， main stem diameter， root tuber diameter， fresh weight of single cassava， starch content of fresh cassava and amylopectin content were measured and comprehensively analyzed， aiming to find different uses of cassava resources for China. The results showed that there were significant differences among the 19 cassava germplasms. Switzerland J17， Switzerland M14 and Switzerland D23 had the best performance， which were the best material for breeding. Switzerland NO12 and Switzerland D12 had better yield and quality than other cassava， and they are suitable for the breeding with root tubers. Switzerland 13M， Switzerland S8 and Switzerland 88 had the higher plant yield of aboveground， they are suitable for breeding with stem and leave.

Key words cassava germplasm ；field experiment ；breeding characteristics evaluation

木薯（Manihot esculenta Crantz），為大戟科木薯屬植物，原產南美洲，又名樹薯、樹番薯、木番薯[1]。木薯塊根中淀粉含量高達30 %，因此有“淀粉之王”的美稱，與馬鈴薯和甘薯并稱世界三大薯類作物[2]。木薯用途廣泛，地下部分可食用，是包括非洲和拉丁美洲在內的近8億人口主要糧食，有“地下糧倉”[3]的美稱。在飼料方面，木薯粗粉、葉片是一種高能量的飼料成分，現廣泛用于養雞、養鴨、養魚等畜禽養殖業；在發酵工業上，木薯淀粉或干片可制酒精、檸檬酸、谷氨酸、賴氨酸、葡萄糖、果糖等，這些產品在食品、飲料、醫藥、紡織（染布）、造紙等方面均有重要用途。據不完全統計，以木薯為原料生產的產品多達2 000多個[4]。

中國于1820年引進木薯，最初在中國廣東省栽培[5]。現以廣東、廣西、海南栽培最多，福建、云南、江西、湖南次之，四川、貴州和重慶等亦有少量種植。目前廣東、廣西和……