江 偉,陳帝伊,秦鈺祺,王玉川
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半高導葉端面間隙對離心泵水力性能影響的數(shù)值模擬與驗證
江 偉,陳帝伊※,秦鈺祺,王玉川
(西北農(nóng)林科技大學水利與建筑工程學院,楊凌 712100)
離心泵中存在各種間隙,其間隙流動極其復雜,易出現(xiàn)泄漏流、間隙渦等復雜湍流,影響離心泵的水力性能及運行穩(wěn)定性。該文結合數(shù)值模擬與試驗方法,采用SST湍流模型,研究半高導葉端面間隙對離心泵水力性能及內部流場的影響規(guī)律,重點探討半高導葉端面間隙對離心泵水力性能的影響機理。結果表明,適當?shù)陌敫邔~端面間隙能有效改善離心泵水力性能,拓寬其高效區(qū),導葉葉高為1.0時,最高效率點流量37.5 m3/h處,而導葉葉高為0~0.8時,其最高效率點流量42.5 m3/h處;導葉端面間隙為0.4~0.6導葉葉高時,離心泵的效率與揚程最優(yōu),且最大效率為57.5%;在0.6倍設計工況、0.8倍設計工況和1.0倍設計工況時,帶半高導葉端面間隙的離心泵中葉輪做功和導葉內總壓損失均高于普通導葉式離心泵,在0.6倍設計工況,導葉葉高為1.0時葉輪做功比導葉葉高為0~0.8時葉輪做功低將近7 m水頭,且在0.6倍設計工況和0.8倍設計工況下,導葉葉高為0時導葉內總壓損失平均值比導葉葉高為1.0時分別高6.66 m、4.62 m水頭;在1.2倍設計工況和1.4倍設計工況時,其葉輪做功和導葉內總壓損失均低于普通導葉式離心泵;在各流量工況下,帶導葉端面間隙的離心泵中蝸殼內總壓損失均小于普通導葉式離心泵;隨著流量增加,帶半高導葉端面間隙的離心泵中葉輪-導葉動靜干涉作用在逐漸減弱,葉輪-蝸殼動靜干涉作用逐漸凸顯。研究結果為離心泵導葉優(yōu)化設計提供參考。
離心泵;水力模型;性能;總壓損失;動靜干涉
離心泵廣泛的應用于化工、核電、石油、航天等領域。隨著社會進步與科技發(fā)展,離心泵水力性能與運行穩(wěn)定性的要求越來越高[1]。離心泵中存在各種間隙,如口環(huán)間隙、葉頂間隙及平衡盤間隙等。間隙流動極其復雜,易發(fā)生間隙渦、間隙汽蝕等現(xiàn)象,導致泄漏損失與流體激振,降低離心泵的水力效率,影響其穩(wěn)定運行[2-3]。
目前國內外許多學者多集中研究葉頂間隙、口環(huán)間隙及平衡盤間隙對離心泵性能的影響。葉頂間隙內部泄漏流與二次流影響離心泵流體傳輸、內部非定常流場和汽蝕等性能[4-6]。適當?shù)娜~頂間隙可有效地提高離心泵水力性能、改善其穩(wěn)定運行,但過大的葉頂間隙易產(chǎn)生湍振、旋轉失速等現(xiàn)象,從而影響離心泵的性能[7-9]。Wu等[10-11]采用數(shù)值模擬的方法對葉頂間隙渦及其運動軌跡進行了分析,建立了泄漏堵塞量與泄漏損失的計算理論式。口環(huán)間隙不僅導致離心泵產(chǎn)生容積損失,降低其水力效率,且改變泵內部流場,引起離心泵不穩(wěn)定運行[12-14]。口環(huán)間隙使葉輪受力不均,并誘導其內部流動產(chǎn)生周期性的激勵特性[15-17];不同流量工況時,口環(huán)間隙處泄漏流體與葉輪進口處流體混合,影響葉輪前蓋板區(qū)域渦量分布[18-19]。離心泵葉輪前口環(huán)與后口環(huán)對其內部非穩(wěn)態(tài)流動與水力性能的影響程度不同,其中葉輪前口環(huán)間隙流對泵的水力效率與泄漏損失的影響大于后口環(huán)間隙對其影響[20-23]。平衡盤主要應用于多級離心泵中,利用其軸向與徑向間隙產(chǎn)生的壓力差來平衡葉輪上軸向力,但其間隙會導致級間泄漏,降低離心泵的水力效率[24-26]。針對半高導葉端面間隙對葉輪機械性能的影響研究主要集中于壓縮機或風機[27-29]。Sitaram等[30-33]采用數(shù)值模擬與試驗方法通過對蓋側半高導葉擴壓器內部流動進行了研究,表明半高導葉擴壓器能使流動在軸向更均勻,提高擴壓器的壓力恢復系數(shù);半高導葉擴壓器葉片的最佳高度為0.4~0.5倍的擴壓器通道寬度。
離心泵中葉頂間隙、口環(huán)間隙及平衡盤間隙研究比較多,其間隙流動機理和間隙對離心泵性能的影響規(guī)律比較清晰,而針對半高導葉端面間隙對離心泵水力性能與內部流場的影響研究極少,對離心泵整體性能的影響規(guī)律并不是明確。本文把半高導葉擴壓器引進于離心泵中,采用數(shù)值模擬與試驗的方法深入分析半高導葉端面間隙對離心泵水力性能及內部流場的影響規(guī)律,為離心泵導葉優(yōu)化設計提供理論依據(jù)與參考。
離心泵基本參數(shù):流量=40 m3/h,揚程=60 m,轉速=2 900 r/min,比轉速N=53。設計參數(shù):葉輪外徑2=223 mm、葉輪葉片出口寬度2=8 mm、葉輪葉片數(shù)=6;導葉進口直徑3=228 mm、導葉葉片寬度3=10 mm、導葉出口直徑4=283 mm、導葉葉片數(shù)=5;蝸殼基圓直徑5=284 mm、蝸殼進口寬度4=19 mm。半高導葉擴壓器是無葉擴壓器到有葉擴壓器的過渡形式,如圖1所示,為葉片寬度、為導葉葉高。保證導葉流道寬度不變,對導葉葉片寬度進行切割,表1為半高導葉端面間隙數(shù)值分析方案。

注:B為導葉葉高;b為導葉寬度。

表1 導葉端面間隙數(shù)值分析方案
注:B/b為離心泵導葉葉高與導葉葉片寬度比值。
Note: B/b refers to ratio of centrifugal pump guide blade height to blade width.
采用ICEM對模型泵進行前處理得到結構化網(wǎng)格,如圖2所示,其中葉輪、導葉與蝸殼網(wǎng)格數(shù)分別為468 761、465 337、581 295,前后泵腔網(wǎng)格分別為321 802、348 013。湍流模型采用SST模型,穩(wěn)態(tài)數(shù)值計算邊界條件采用壓力進口,質量流量出口邊界條件,壁面無滑移邊界條件。以穩(wěn)態(tài)計算做為瞬態(tài)數(shù)值計算的初始條件,葉輪每轉過3°為1時間步,其時間步長0.000 172 414,1個周期迭代120步,迭代6個周期,選最后1周期進行流場分析。

a. 過流部件a. Flow passage componentb. 后泵腔b. Rear pump chamberc. 前泵腔c. Front pump chamber
圖3為模型試驗泵。模型泵中蝸殼、導葉、葉輪采用3D打印技術進行加工制造。為與普通導葉式離心泵性能進行對比,在對半高導葉擴壓器離心泵性能進行試驗研究時,保證半高導葉擴壓器中導葉的安裝位置、導葉與蝸殼內各監(jiān)測點位置都一樣,且試驗采用的方案與數(shù)值模擬方案相同。采用JN338 型扭矩傳感器對扭矩進行測量,量程為0.01~100 N·m,測量精度為±0.2 N·m;運用AE215型流量計測量試驗回路流量,量程為0~100 m3/h,測量精度為±0.5 m3/h;采用EJA510A型壓力傳感器對模型泵進出口壓力進行測量,量程分別為0~300 kPa和0~1 MPa,測量精度分別為±0.0225和±0.075 kPa。

注:P1~P4為試驗時壓力脈動監(jiān)測點。
圖4為不同導葉端面間隙的離心泵外特性曲線。由圖可知,當/=1.0時,離心泵揚程曲線較陡,下降較快,其中=37.5 m3/h時,效率最大,為55.5%;當/=0~0.8時,離心泵揚程曲線較平緩,下降較慢,效率最高點向大流量偏移,且按/從1.0、0.8、0、0.6、0.5的順序逐漸向大流量偏移,其中效率最高點位于=42.5 m3/h,為57.5%,主要原因是導葉端面間隙增加其喉部面積,使其高效點向大流量工況偏移。在各流量工況下,當/=0.8時,離心泵的揚程與效率最小。在小流量工況(=18~37 m3/h)下,當/=1.0時,離心泵的揚程、效率最高;在大流量工況(>37 m3/h)下,當/=1.0時,離心泵的揚程與效率遠低于其它導葉端面間隙下泵的揚程與效率,其中=0.5~0.6時離心泵的水力性能最好,表明適當?shù)膶~葉片與蓋板之間的端面間隙能改善離心泵水力性能。

圖4 不同導葉端面間隙離心泵外特性試驗
圖5為不同導葉端面間隙時離心泵外特性數(shù)值模擬與試驗對比。由圖5可知,數(shù)值模擬與試驗值吻合較好,尤其在/des=1.0工況附近時,其揚程與效率誤差在5%以內,說明數(shù)值模擬在設計工況附近存在一定的準確性;在遠離設計工況時(/des=0.6、/des=1.4),其誤差較大,主要原因是在小流量或大流量工況時,泵內部流場易出現(xiàn)劇烈的湍流、回流現(xiàn)象,從而導致數(shù)值模擬與試驗結果相差較大。

注:Qdes為離心泵設計工況下的流量。
圖6分別為不同導葉端面間隙時葉輪瞬時做功和導葉與蝸殼內總壓損失瞬態(tài)分布。由圖6 a-圖6c可知,在整個導葉端面間隙幾何參數(shù)的變化范圍內,葉輪做功隨著流量增加而逐漸降低。當=1.0時,葉輪做功波動幅值(波峰與波谷差值)隨著流量增加而逐漸增加,在/des=0.8、/des=1.0、/des=1.2工況時,波峰與波谷差值分別為1.4、1.7、2 m水頭;當/=0~0.8時,在各流量工況下,葉輪做功波動幅值隨著流量改變而幾乎不變,在各流量工況下,其差值均不超過1 m水頭。在同一流量工況下,當=1.0時,葉輪做功的波動相對于=0~0.8時的波動更劇烈,兩波峰之間出現(xiàn)多個波峰與波谷,并且隨著導葉葉片與蓋板端面間隙的增加,呈現(xiàn)出多個波峰與波谷現(xiàn)象逐漸消失,波動較平緩,由此表明導葉端面間隙可降低葉輪與導葉動靜干涉作用影響,但葉輪與蝸殼隔舍動靜干涉作用影響逐漸凸顯。不同流量工況時,不同的導葉端面間隙對葉輪做功的影響不同。隨著流量的增加,導葉間隙增加對葉輪做功的影響程度在逐漸降低。由表2可知,在des=0.6工況下,=1.0時葉輪做功比=0~0.8時葉輪做功低將近3.87~5.32 m水頭;在des=0.8~1.4工況下,不同時,葉輪做功差值不超過1.5 m水頭,表明在小流量工況下,葉輪做功對不同導葉端面間隙的離心泵中揚程與效率存在一定影響,而在較大流量工況時,葉輪做功對其離心泵揚程與效率影響甚微。

表2 不同流量工況下,葉輪做功瞬時平均值
由圖6d-圖6f可知,隨著流量增加,當=1.0時,導葉內總壓損失在逐漸增加,且各流量工況下波動幅值幾乎相同,即波峰與波谷差值為3.5 m水頭,而當=0~0.8時,導葉內總壓損失隨著流量增加而逐漸減小,在各流量工況時,波峰與波谷差值不超過0.5 m水頭,波峰與波峰之間不存在二次波動,因此當導葉端面間隙減小時,導葉內總壓損失受葉輪與導葉之間動靜干涉作用影響逐漸減弱,葉輪與蝸殼動靜干涉作用影響逐漸增強。不同流量工況時,不同導葉端面間隙對導葉內總壓損失的影響程度不同。由表3可知,在des=0.6和des=0.8工況下,當=0~0.8時導葉內總壓損失平均值明顯大于=1.0,其中在des=0.6工況下,/=0.3時總壓損失平均值最大,與=1.0時總壓損失差值為6.66 m水頭,在des=0.8工況時=0.8時總壓損失平均值最大,其差值4.62 m水頭;在des=1.0流量工況下,=0.4~0.6與=1.0時導葉內總壓損失平均值幾乎相等,分別為7.54 m、7.33 m、7.23 m和7.43 m水頭,而=0.8與=0~0.3時導葉內總壓損失平均值高于其它間隙系數(shù)下導葉內的總壓損失,其中=0.8時總壓損失平均值最大,與=0.6相比,其差值為1.96 m水頭;在des=1.2與des=1.4工況下,當=0~0.8時,導葉內總壓損失均小于=1.0。在各流量工況下,隨著導葉端面間隙的增加,導葉內總壓損失先逐漸減小而后逐漸增加,其中當=0.8時導葉內總壓損失最大,=0.4~0.6時導葉內總壓損失最小,表明適當?shù)膶~端面間隙能改善其水力性能。

注:im=(tout-tin)/,loss=(tin-tout)/;im、dloss、vloss分別為葉輪做功、導葉內總壓損失、蝸殼內總壓損失,tin和tout分別為進口和出口平均總壓。
Note:im=(tout-tin)/,loss=(tin-tout)/;im,dlossandvlossare power of impeller, total pressure in diffuser or volute, respectively. Andtin,toutare the average total pressure in inlet and outlet.
圖6 不同流量工況,不同導葉端面間隙時葉輪瞬時做功及導葉和蝸殼內總壓損失分布
Fig.6 Instantaneous impeller power and total pressure loss in diffuser or volute under different flow rates and guide vane end clearance

表3 不同流量工況下,導葉瞬時總壓損失平均值
由圖6g-圖6i可知,隨著流量增加,不同導葉端面間隙下蝸殼內的總壓損失在逐漸增加,呈現(xiàn)出較好的周期性,兩波峰之間不存在二次波動,說明蝸殼內部流場主要受葉輪與蝸殼隔舍動靜干涉作用影響,而受葉輪與導葉動靜干涉作用影響甚小。在各流量下,當=1.0時蝸殼內總壓損失明顯大于=0~0.8時,且隨著流量增加,最大與最小總壓損失差值在明顯增加。由表4可知,在des=0.6、des=0.8工況時,最大(=1.0)與最小(=0.8)總壓損失差值分別為1 m、1.9 m水頭,在des=1.0、des=1.2、des=1.4工況時,最大(=1.0)與最小(=0)總壓損失差值分別為2.6、3.7、3.5 m水頭(如表4所示)。在=0~0.8時,在不同流量工況下,導葉端面間隙幾何參數(shù)大小對蝸殼內總壓損失的影響程度有所不同,并且其影響程度隨著流量增加更加明顯,在des=0.6和des=0.8工況時,蝸殼內總壓損失最大為=0,最小為=0.8,差值分別為0.47、0.57 m水頭,而在des=1.0~1.4工況時,蝸殼內總壓損失最大為=0.8時,最小為=0時,其差值分別為1.28、1.64、2.79 m。

表4 不同流量工況下,蝸殼瞬時總壓損失平均值
圖7分別為不同導葉端面間隙時導葉和蝸殼擴壓瞬時分布。由圖可知,在不同流量工況下,當/=1.0時,離心泵中擴壓作用主要由導葉完成,蝸殼幾乎不存在擴壓作用,而/=0~0.8時,導葉與蝸殼共同起擴壓作用。隨著流量增加,導葉與蝸殼擴壓作用在逐漸降低,但當/=1.0時其擴壓作用的降低程度明顯大于/=0~0.8。在des=0.8、des=1.0工況下,當/=1.0時導葉擴壓作用大于/=0~0.8,而在des=1.2流量工況下,當/=0~0.8時,其導葉擴壓作用優(yōu)于=1.0;在各流量工況下,當/=0~0.8時蝸殼擴壓作用均高于/=1.0。

注:dd和dv分別為導葉與蝸殼擴壓,且計算公式相同.dd=(out-in)/;in和out分別為進口和出口平均靜壓。
Note:dd,dvare the diffuser in guide and volute respectively, and the calculation formula can be the same;dd=(out-in)/Andin,outare the average pressure in inlet and outlet.
圖7 不同流量工況,不同導葉端面間隙時導葉與蝸殼擴壓性能
Fig.7 Effect of boosting pressure in diffuser and volute under different flow rates and guide vane end clearance
圖8分別為/des=1.0流量工況下,不同導葉端面間隙時離心泵葉輪、導葉、蝸殼中截面靜壓分布。由圖8a-圖8c可知,隨著導葉端面間隙增加,葉輪出口高壓區(qū)域分布位置在變化,當/1.0時,葉輪出口高壓區(qū)域主要集中于靠近蝸殼隔舌處的葉輪流道區(qū)域,而當/0~0.8時,其高壓區(qū)域主要集中于靠近蝸殼較小過流斷面處葉輪流道;隨著導葉端面間隙增加減小,位于導葉前緣附近葉輪出口區(qū)域壓力在逐漸降低,表明葉輪出口處靜壓分布受葉輪尾緣與導葉前緣共同影響逐漸減弱。由圖8d-圖8f可知,在各導葉端面間隙下,導葉進口至出口,靜壓在逐漸增加,且位于蝸殼較小過流斷面處導葉流道靜壓高于其區(qū)域,因動靜干涉作用影響,導葉前緣處靜壓梯度變化最大,分布不均。當/=1.0時,導葉流道中靜壓大于其它位置,且分布極其不均;隨著導葉端面間隙增加,導葉前緣與位于葉輪尾緣區(qū)域的靜壓在逐漸降低,梯度變化逐漸更均勻,由此表明葉輪與導葉動靜干涉作用影響在逐漸減弱。由圖8g-圖8i可知,不同導葉端面間隙對蝸殼內靜壓分布影響很大,且規(guī)律性不明顯,當/=1.0時,蝸殼整個流道內靜壓最大,而/=0.8時靜壓最小,且靜壓梯度變化最大,尤其位于蝸殼較大過流斷面處;當/=0~0.6時,除蝸殼出口區(qū)域外,其它過流斷面處靜壓分布類似,即位于導葉尾緣附近、蝸殼較大過流斷面處靜壓較小,梯度變化較大。

注:a′~e′為導葉葉片;1~6為葉輪葉片。
Note: a′-e′ are diffuser vanes; 1-6 are impeller blades.
圖8 設計流量工況,不同導葉端面間隙時葉輪、導葉及蝸殼內靜壓分布
Fig.8 Static pressure distribution in impeller, diffuser and volute under design flow with different guide vane end clearance
圖9分別為不同導葉端面間隙時葉輪葉片和導葉葉片中截面靜壓分布。由圖9a-圖9c可知,不同流量,不同導葉端面間隙時,葉輪葉片中截面靜壓分布相似,即葉片表面靜壓沿流動方向逐漸增加,同時,因葉輪出口尾跡流-射流與動靜干涉作用共同影響,靠近葉輪出口附近區(qū)域葉片壓力面靜壓突然低于吸力面;隨著流量增加,壓力面與吸力面靜壓差值在逐漸增加,且吸力面大于壓力面靜壓位置逐漸向葉輪出口移動,說明隨著流量增加,葉輪出口附近流場漸穩(wěn)定,受尾跡流-射流影響逐漸減弱。在各流量工況下,當/=1.0時葉片壓力面大于吸力面壓力差值遠小于其它/,由此說明當/=1.0時葉輪內流場較穩(wěn)定,葉輪受力較小;在des=0.8、des=1.0、des=1.2工況,=1.0時葉片吸力面大于壓力面靜壓位置分布位于=0.93、0.97、0.1 m,而其它/時其位于葉片出口附近,因此隨著導葉端面間隙減小,葉輪出口附近區(qū)域流動受尾跡流-射流影響在逐漸減弱,間接表明葉輪出口附近區(qū)域流場分布逐漸更均勻,改善葉輪的水力性能。
由圖9d-圖9f可知在不同流量工況下,不同導葉端面間隙時,導葉葉片進口至導葉出口,壓力在逐漸增加,導葉將葉輪中流出的高速液體動能逐漸轉化為壓力能,但在導葉前緣附近,壓力突然增加,流動比較混亂,可能導致導葉內存在較大流動損失。隨著流量增加,當/=1.0時導葉葉片表面壓力在逐漸降低,且葉片壓力面與吸力面靜壓差值逐漸增加,由此可間接說明導葉擴壓作用在逐漸降低,導葉內部流場逐漸不穩(wěn)定,葉片受流體的作用力在增加,但當/=0.8、0.6、0.5、0.3時,導葉葉片壓力面與工作面靜壓差值幾乎不變,因此說明導葉擴壓作用隨著流量的增加而不變。

本文結合數(shù)值模擬與試驗方法,采用SST湍流模型,研究了半高導葉端面間隙對離心泵水力性能及內部流場的影響規(guī)律,主要結論有:
1)隨著導葉端面間隙增加,離心泵的揚程與效率先逐漸增加而后逐漸減小。當導葉端面間隙在0.4~0.6導葉葉高時,離心泵中揚程曲線較平緩,下降較慢,效率較高,其中導葉葉高為1.0時,最高效率點位于流量37.5 m3/h處,導葉葉高為0~0.8時,其最高效率點位于流量42.5 m3/h處,并且導葉端面間隙為0.4~0.6導葉葉高時,離心泵的效率最大,為57.5%,因此適當?shù)陌敫邔~間隙能改善離心泵水力性能。
2)隨著導葉端面間隙逐漸減小,葉輪-導葉動靜干涉作用影響逐漸降低,離心泵中葉輪做功、導葉及蝸殼內能量損失瞬時波動更平緩,且普通導葉式離心泵葉輪做功、導葉內能量損失逐漸高于帶導葉端面間隙的離心泵;在各流量工況時,導葉端面間隙能降低離心泵蝸殼內能量損失,改善蝸殼的水力性能。
3)動靜干涉作用是影響普通導葉式離心泵內部流場的主要原因,而蝸殼不對稱幾何形狀是影響含導葉端面間隙的離心泵內部流場的主要因素,遠超過葉輪-導葉動靜干涉作用影響。
4)普通導葉式離心泵中葉輪葉片載荷受尾跡流-射流影響較大,葉片壓力面載荷低于吸力面的位置位于葉片出口前段處,而存在導葉端面間隙時此類現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在葉片出口。
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Numerical simulation and validation of influence of end clearance in half vane diffuser on hydraulic performance for centrifugal pump
Jiang Wei, Chen Diyi※, Qin Yuqi, Wang Yuchuan
(712100)
Centrifugal pumps are widely used in general machines and the demand of the efficiency and the stable operation can be higher. All kinds of clearances appear easily in the centrifugal pump, such as the tip clearance and wear-ring clearance. Meantime, the gap flow of tip clearance and wear-ring clearance results in the complicated turbulent flow and clearance vortex easily which has a great effect on the hydraulic performance and operation stability of a centrifugal pump. Thus, the study on mechanism of the gap clearance flow in the centrifugal pump is important. The half-height diffuser can be widely used in compressors and fans and can improve the performance of the compressors and fans. However, the application of the half-height diffuser in the centrifugal pump is seldom and the influence law of the clearance of the half-height guide vane on the hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump is not clear. For the first time, the half-height diffuser is introduced into the centrifugal pump in this paper. Based on the numerical simulation and experimental methods, using SST-model, research on effect of the half-height guide vane end clearance on the hydraulic performance and the internal flow field of centrifugal pump was conducted. The results show that the appropriate half-height guide vane end clearance can effectively improve the centrifugal pump’s hydraulic performance, and broaden its high efficient area. When the guide vane height is 1.0, the maximum efficiency occurs at the position with the flow of 37.5 m3/h, however, it can be at 42.5 m3/h when the guide vane height is 0-0.8. The effect of the interaction between rotor and stator can be the main reason for the internal flow field of the general guide vane centrifugal pump, and the high pressure zone of the impeller outlet channel occurs when the impeller blade is near the leading edge of the guide vane. The asymmetric geometry of the volute is the main factor, which influences the internal flow field of the centrifugal pump with the end face gap. The impeller blade load in the conventional guide vane centrifugal pump is affected by the wake flow-jet flow and is higher than that of the centrifugal pump with the half-height guide vane. With guide vane end gap of 0.4-0.6 guide vane height, the efficiency and the head of the centrifugal pump are the optimal, and the maximum efficiency is 57.5%. In low flow condition, the hydraulic performance of impeller and diffuser is the key influence factor to hydraulic performance of centrifugal pump. The total pressure loss of the impeller in the centrifugal pump with the half-height guide vane end gap is higher than that of the ordinary diffuser centrifugal pump at the flow condition of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 time, however, the total pressure loss of the impeller in the centrifugal pump with the half-height guide vane end gap is lower than that of the ordinary guide vane centrifugal pump at 1.2 and 1.4 times flow condition. The performance of the impeller when guide vane height is 1.0 can be 7 m lower than that when guide vane height is 0-0.8 at the 0.6 flow condition. Meantime, the total pressure loss of diffuser while guide vane height is 0 can be 6.66 and 4.47 m higher than those with 1.0 guide vane height at the 0.6 and 0.8 flow condition, respectively. The total pressure loss of the volute in the centrifugal pump with the end clearance of the guide vane is less than that of the ordinary guide vane centrifugal pump. With the flow rate increasing, the influence of the interaction between impeller and diffuser on the centrifugal pump with the half-height guide vane decreases gradually, and the effect of the interaction between impeller and volute tongue on the centrifugal pump with the half-height guide vane increases gradually. The results provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the design and reconstruction of the guide vanes in centrifugal pumps.
centrifugal pump; hydraulic model; performance; total pressure loss; rotor-stator interaction
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.17.010
TK311
A
1002-6819(2017)-17-0073-09
2017-04-24
2017-08-24
國家自然基金(51479173,51509209);西北農(nóng)林科技大學科研啟動經(jīng)費(Z109021642);陜西水利科技計劃項目(2017slkj-5);中央高校基本科研業(yè)務費專項資金項目(Z109021705)
江偉,講師,博士,主要從事流體機械內部流動特性研究。楊凌 西北農(nóng)林科技大學水利與建筑工程學院,712100。 Email:weijianglut@126.com
陳帝伊,教授,博士生導師,主要從事水力機械系統(tǒng)運行穩(wěn)定性分析。楊凌 西北農(nóng)林科技大學水利與建筑工程學院,712100。Email:nwsuafdychen@163.com