陳周峰++黃智銘++金瑞放

[摘要] 目的 研究富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白1(Leucine rich alpha -2 glycoprotein 1,LRG1)在結直腸癌患者血清的表達,探討其臨床意義。 方法 共納入65例結直腸癌患者、55例結直腸良性腫瘤患者、50例健康志愿者;分別采用酶聯免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA 法)檢測血清LRG1水平,然后對三組患者血清中LRG1和CEA表達水平、結直腸癌血清LRG1與臨床腫瘤分期的關系進行統計分析。 結果 與結直腸良性腫瘤組及健康查體組相比,結直腸癌組血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明顯偏高(P<0.01),結直腸良性腫瘤組和正常對照組比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);結直腸癌腫瘤分期與患者血清LRG1水平相關,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期惡性腫瘤患者血清LRG1水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期惡性腫瘤患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.01);聯合檢測與單獨檢測LRG1相比,差異有統計學意義(Z=2.763,P<0.01);與單獨檢測相比,聯合檢測準確率更高,差異有統計學意義(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1與CEA差異有統計學意義(Z=0.752,P<0.05)。 結論 LRG1可作為結直腸癌診斷潛在的生物學標記。
[關鍵詞] 結直腸癌;富含亮氨酸α-2糖蛋白1;癌胚抗原;腫瘤標志物
[中圖分類號] R735.34;R730.43 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)26-0001-03
Expression of LRG1 in serum of patients with colorectal cancer and its clinical significance
CHEN Zhoufeng HUANG Zhiming JIN Ruifang
Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the expression of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in serum of patients with colorectal cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods A total of 65 patients with colorectal cancer, 55 patients with colorectal benign tumors and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum LRG1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and then the levels of LRG1 and CEA in serum were compared between the three groups. The relationship between serum LRG1 and clinical stage was analyzed statistically. Results Compared with those of colorectal benign tumor group and healthy examination group, the levels of LRG1 and CEA in colorectal cancer group were significantly higher(P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between colorectal benign tumor group and normal control group(P>0.05). The stage of colorectal cancer was correlated with the level of serum LRG1.The level of serum LRG1 in patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ malignant tumor was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ malignant tumor, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was significant difference between the combined detection and separate detection of LRG1(Z=2.763, P<0.01). Compared with that of separate detection, the accuracy of combined detection was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.034, P<0.01). There was significant difference between LRG1 and CEA (Z=0.752, P<0.05). Conclusion LRG1 can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.endprint
[Key words] Colorectal cancer; Leucine rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Tumor markers
結直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全世界第三大常見的癌癥,是全世界癌癥死亡的主要原因之一[1]。如果在早期階段發現腫瘤,預后良好。結腸鏡檢查是最可靠的診斷結直腸癌的依據,但結腸鏡大規模篩查比較難實現。因此,敏感性、特異性高的血清腫瘤標志物是很有意義的。癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)是臨床上常用的腫瘤標志物,在多種腫瘤中表達升高。富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白1(LRG1)是富亮氨酸重復序列(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)家族的成員之一,1977年首次從人類血清分離出[2]。研究已證實在蛋白質相互作用下LRG1能夠對信號轉導、細胞粘附等產生作用,該機制與細胞存活、遷移有著密不可分的聯系[3]。隨著臨床研究的不斷發展,LRG1在肺癌、胰腺癌等腫瘤中的高表達得到醫學界的廣泛認可[5]。本研究分別采用酶聯免疫吸附法(ELISA 法)檢測結直腸癌患者、結直腸良性腫瘤患者及健康志愿者血清LRG1水平和CEA水平,探討LRG1在結直腸癌的診斷價值,現報道如下。
1 對象與方法
1.1研究對象
選取2016年1~11月期間在我院接受治療的65例結直腸癌患者作為結直腸癌組,經過病理學診斷確診為結直腸癌,其中男32例,女33例,年齡29~75歲,平均(50.90±9.50)歲。納入標準:①符合結直腸癌的臨床診斷標準;②結直腸癌初診患者;③患者未接受過放、化療及生物治療[6]。排除標準:①存在其他類型腫瘤疾?。虎诮Y直腸癌復發或術后患者;③存在嚴重心、肝、腎功能疾病及免疫系統疾病患者;④術前接受其他方式治療患者;⑤妊娠期患者;⑥不依從、不配合治療患者[7]。選取我院結腸息肉治療患者55例為結直腸良性腫瘤組,術后病理學診斷為低級別上皮內瘤變或結腸增生性息肉,其中男30例,女25例,年齡30~71歲,平均(44.45±10.94)歲。選取我院查體的健康人50例為健康對照組,結腸鏡檢查均未見異常。其中男28例,女22例,年齡28~72歲,平均(42.32±9.23)歲,三組之間性別、年齡等一般資料比較,差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 標本采集 所有入選者晨起空腹抽取靜脈血6 mL收集在一個真空采血管內,室溫下靜置30 min,然后2500 r/min給予10 min離心處理,收集的血清保存于-80℃冰箱。
1.2.2 血清LRG1水平 采用ELISA 法對血清LRG1予以檢測,ELISA試劑盒由MYBIOSOURCE公司提供,嚴格按照相關說明操作。對450 nm波長處樣品吸光度(OD)值給予ELISA檢測。縱坐標為標準物濃度,橫坐標為OD值,標準曲線的繪制采用的是 CURVE EXKPERT 軟件。根據標準曲線回歸方程對樣品濃度進行計算。
1.2.3 血清CEA水平 嚴格按照ELISA檢測試劑盒說明對血清CEA水平予以檢測。
1.3 統計學方法
采用SPSS 18.0統計學軟件進行分析,計量資料由中位數、極差表示,并予以Shapiro-Wilk正態性檢驗。用 Mann-Whitney U檢驗獨立樣本均數。繪制血清LRG1和CEA受試者工作曲線(receiver operating curve,ROC),并采用AUC對診斷價值予以評估,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 三組患者血清中LRG1和CEA表達水平比較
與結直腸良性腫瘤組及健康查體組相比,結直腸癌組血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明顯偏高(P<0.01),結直腸良性腫瘤組和正常對照組比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 三組患者血清中LRG1和CEA表達水平比較(x±s,ng/mL)
注:a.LGR1結直腸癌組vs健康查體組 Z=-7.384,P<0.01;b.LGR1結直腸癌組vs結直腸良性腫瘤組Z=-6.946,P<0.01;c.CEA結直腸癌組vs健康查體組Z=-6.936,P<0.01;d. CEA結直腸癌組vs結直腸良性腫瘤組Z=-6.093,P<0.01
2.2 結直腸癌血清LRG1與臨床腫瘤分期的關系
結直腸癌腫瘤分期與患者血清LRG1水平相關,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期惡性腫瘤患者血清LRG1水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.01)。見表2。
表2 結直腸癌血清LRG1與臨床腫瘤分期的關系
2.3 ROC曲線分析和診斷評估
以ROC曲線分析評估LRG1對結直腸癌的診斷價值。將病理學診斷作為金標準,LRG1與CEA其中一項表現為陽性可確診為陽性,若兩者檢測均顯示陰性,則判斷為檢測陰性,血清LRG1和CEA水平及聯合檢測ROC曲線(封三圖1)。血清LRG1診斷結直腸癌的臨界值及曲線下面積分別為75.50 ng/mL、0.885;血清CEA診斷結直腸癌的臨界值為5.25 ng/mL,曲線下面積(AUC)為0.850;聯合檢測曲線下面積為0.950。聯合檢測與單獨檢測LRG1相比較,差異有統計學意義(Z=2.763,P<0.01);與單獨檢測相比,聯合檢測準確率更高,差異有統計學意義(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1與CEA差異有統計學意義(Z=0.752,P<0.05)。
3 討論
結直腸癌是人類常見惡性腫瘤,包括結腸癌和直腸癌。結直腸癌的早期無癥狀,或癥狀不明顯,隨著癌腫發展,癥狀逐漸出現,因其發病部位不同而表現出不同的臨床癥狀及體征。結直腸癌的診斷主要基于結腸鏡檢查,血腫瘤標記物癌胚抗原(CEA)檢測,有助于結直腸癌的診斷。目前我國臨床對結直腸癌的篩查方法缺乏敏感性、特異性及陽性預測值的生物標記物,因此,對早期診斷生物標記物的研究迫在眉睫,其對于結直腸癌早期診斷、治療及預后有著重要意義。最初,LRG1的作用是作為炎癥反應的標志物發現的。Serada等研究發現在潰瘍性結腸炎中,血清LRG1水平與潰瘍性結腸炎的炎癥活動相關,比C反應蛋白更加敏感[8-14]。隨后,有其他學者發現,LRG1在胰腺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、肺癌等多種惡性腫瘤的表達升高,其表達量與惡性腫瘤的疾病進展、淋巴結轉移密切相關[4-5]。本文通過ELISA檢測結直腸癌患者血清LRG1,發現其較結直腸良性腫瘤及健康人群的血清明顯升高,且LRG1水平與腫瘤進展相關。endprint
血清CEA作為臨床上常用的腫瘤標志物,其診斷結直腸癌及判斷腫瘤分期有一定局限性。而血清LRG1聯合血清CEA診斷結直腸癌的敏感性和特異性高于單獨檢測CEA。本研究結果表明,與結直腸良性腫瘤組及健康查體組相比,結直腸癌組血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明顯偏高(P<0.01),結直腸良性腫瘤組和正常對照組比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);結直腸癌腫瘤分期與患者血清LRG1水平相關,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期惡性腫瘤患者血清LRG1水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期惡性腫瘤患者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.01);ROC曲線分析來評估LRG1對結直腸癌的診斷價值。將病理學診斷作為金標準,LRG1與CEA其中一項表現陽性可確診為陽性,若兩者檢測均顯示陰性,則判斷為檢測陰性。血清LRG1診斷結直腸癌的臨界值及曲線下面積分別為75.50 ng/mL、0.885;血清CEA診斷結直腸癌的臨界值為5.25 ng/mL,曲線下面積為0.850;聯合檢測曲線下面積(AUC)為0.950。聯合檢測與單獨檢測LRG1相比較,差異有統計學意義(Z=2.763,P<0.01);與單獨檢測相比,聯合檢測準確率更高,差異有統計學意義(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1與CEA差異有統計學意義(Z=0.752,P<0.05),與近期其他的文獻報道結果一致,提示LRG1水平與結直腸癌密切相關,結合血清CEA檢測可為結直腸癌的診斷提供價值[15-20]。
總之,LRG1可作為結直腸癌診斷潛在的生物學標記,值得臨床充分重視。
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(收稿日期:2017-06-13)endprint