黃湘
2017年廣州一模書面表達,要求考生寫一封邀請信,邀請姐妹學校參加龍舟賽,寫作內容有三點:(1)寫信目的;(2)活動時間、地點和意義;(3)回復時間。
本次廣州一模閱卷場上發現如下普遍存在的問題:
(1)有的考生拓展內容不夠,聯想不夠,導致寫作卷面只寫了一半卻已經完成了整篇文章的寫作內容,內容顯得空洞,通常這一類文章,評分基本會在12到13分左右。
(2)有時考生沒有認真審題,偏題,寫了很多無關的介紹,例如,在寫活動意義的時候,有同學寫了端午節的由來,比賽的規則,比賽的注意事項。龍舟節當天的活動,介紹了屈原曲折的一生等。也有同學寫了以往中國傳統龍舟節的意義,并不是當次所組織的活動的意義。還有個別同學對活動意義的觀點比較膚淺,寫了可以讓考生欣賞沿途的風景。很明顯,很多同學都是為了湊字數完成寫作,并沒有真正明白合理增加的實際操作。本文將結合2017年廣州一模書面表達閱卷場上所發現的問題,談談如何在書面表達中發揮聯想,合理增加細節,以使行文連貫。
1. 使用復合句。
把題目給出的寫作點作為主要信息來寫,額外擴充的內容作為次要信息來寫。例如,把題目給出的寫作內容作為主句來寫,把額外增加的內容作為從句或with的復合結構去補充說明主句內容,也可以在完成題目規定寫作后,適當聯想補充一句在后。這樣既豐富了句子的內容,也充實了全文,而且不會出現走題、偏題的現象。例句:
(1)With the Dragon Boat Festival drawing near, I am writing on behalf of my school to invite you to take part in the Dragon Boat Race.(寫信目的)
(2)As scheduled, the race is to be held on the Pearl River in Shamian in Guangzhou from May 25th to May 30, when competitors will strive for the first prize with all their effort.(活動時間、地點)
(3)The event aims to provide students with a chance to experience Chinese culture on their own, which helps stimulate students interest in Chinese traditional festivals as well.(活動意義)
(4)If you are interested in the race, please inform us of your decision before April 15th.
2. 使用形容詞,修飾名詞。
在通知、邀請信等與活動介紹相關的書面表達中,常常可以增加形容詞修飾某項活動,如:a (an) interesting / meaningful / exciting / rewarding activity; a fierce / demanding / challenging competition /race等。
(1)With the traditional Dragon Boat Festival being around the corner, our school intends to hold a Dragon Boat Race, and Im writing to invite Cambridge High School to take part in the upcoming event. (寫信目的)
(2)The meaningful event provides students with a precious opportuning to build up teamwork spirit, and at the same to encourage students to take up the responsibility of carrying forward the Chinese tradition. (活動意義)
3. 考慮是否擴充書信的開頭和結尾,符合得體性、交際性原則。
根據情境意識,部分書面表達考慮是否需要額外增加開頭或結尾。書信類應用文,一般在首段寫明活動背景和寫信目的,起到統領全文以及避免走題的作用。本次廣州一模第一個寫作點便是寫信目的,因此在寫寫信目的時,額外補充活動背景(學校即將舉行龍舟賽)即可。關于結尾部分,書信寫作一般根據情景使用一些客套性的語句,委婉地結尾。若題目給出的最后一個寫作點不能作為書信的客套性結尾,考生可以結合書信開頭以及常識,自行聯想增加書信的結尾。以本次廣州一模為例,如果以“回復時間”作為全文結尾,文章便顯得不夠得體, 因此在完成全文寫作后額外增加一句“期待參加、期待收到回復”作為全文結尾,最后一段可寫成:We would appreciate it if you could inform us of your decision before April 15th. Looking forward to your reply and I am convinced that your participation will make the race more meaningful and competitive.
4. 善于總結積累。
根據提綱式的寫作要點,結合實際生活,發散思維聯想曾寫過的文章,選定合適的觀點以充實文章。平時在做閱讀理解時,或在閱讀寫作范文時,都可關注對于某一話題的寫作應該如何適當增加細節,并把好詞好句積累下來,留待日后使用。
此外,課本的話題也是很好的積累素材。以下句子取自必修三第一單元Festival around the world,稍作修改后便可運用到本次廣州一模的寫作中。以下是對本次寫作有啟發意義的課文原句:Festivals are held to celebrate ... , Festivals are meant to ... , Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
平時積累后,在考場便可通過簡單改寫,使符合寫作要求了。以下劃線部分是課本文章中出現過的語言表達。
(1)The Dragon Boat Race is meant to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival in honour of the famous poet, which enables students to feel proud of the Chinese customs in the meantime.
書面表達寫作難度不高,但如何寫好一篇文章,而不是僅僅滿足于寫完一篇文章,還需要考生在平時下苦工去積累、歸納、揣摩、運用。積累短語、觀點等語言素材,為合理增加文章細節作好充分的準備。同時,也要注重對校園生活和社會生活等話題的積累,遇到相關或類似的寫作話題時,便可充分發揮聯想能力,合情合理地擴充內容。
責任編輯 蔣小青