袁利超,馬安林
(中日友好醫(yī)院 感染疾病科,北京 100029)
臨床論著
慢性乙型肝炎患者肝組織中維生素D受體表達與肝損傷的相關(guān)性
袁利超,馬安林
(中日友好醫(yī)院 感染疾病科,北京 100029)
目的:研究慢性乙型肝炎患者肝組織維生素D受體(VDR)的表達及其下調(diào)機制。方法:選取60例慢性乙型肝炎患者作為研究組,按肝組織學(xué)結(jié)果分成3組,每組均20例。F1組:肝纖維化分級為1級;F2組:肝纖維化分級為2級;F3組:肝纖維化分級為3級。對照組選取20例因其他疾病行肝臟手術(shù)切除的標(biāo)本。所有病例均檢測HBVDNA和生化學(xué)指標(biāo),免疫組化染色檢測VDR、CYP2R1、CYP27A1的表達。結(jié)果:對照組與慢性乙肝組比較,VDR在膽管上皮細胞的表達差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。VDR、CYP2R1和CYP27A1在肝細胞的表達慢性乙肝組比對照組顯著減弱(P<0.05)。在慢性乙肝組CYP2R1和CYP27A1相比VDR的表達顯著減弱(P<0.05)。在F1、F2、F3組間3種受體的表達無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。在慢性乙肝組VDR的表達與CYP2R1的表達呈顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與HBVDNA水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:VDR在慢性乙肝患者肝細胞的表達與對照組相比顯著下降,表達強弱與CYP2R1呈明顯的正相關(guān),與HBVDNA呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
慢性乙型肝炎;維生素D受體;CYP2R1;CYP27A1
Author’s addressDepartment of Infectious Diseases,China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing 100029,China
維生素D的基本來源是由皮膚光合作用合成的,為了變成有生物活性的維生素還要在肝臟中進行25羥化和在腎臟中進行1羥化[1]。1,25-羥維生素D3的生物學(xué)活性由維生素D受體(vitamin D receptor,VDR)介導(dǎo),VDR多態(tài)性與原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化、自身免疫性肝炎、酒精相關(guān)性肝癌以及慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)有關(guān)[2,3]。在慢性感染和腫瘤發(fā)生過程中,維生素D通過VDR起免疫調(diào)節(jié)及抗增殖的作用。但VDR在慢性乙肝肝組織中的表達還未見報道。我們的目的是研究CHB患者肝組織VDR的表達及其下調(diào)機制。
1.1 臨床資料
選擇我院肝炎門診2011年1月~2012年1月就診的慢性乙肝患者60例,診斷均符合2010版《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》,臨床治療需要均進行了肝穿刺活檢,其中肝纖維化分期為F1期、F2期、F3期各20例。另選擇20例因其他疾病行肝臟手術(shù)切除的標(biāo)本作為對照組,其中11例膽管癌、6例巨大血管瘤、3例肝膿腫。
所有病例均收集臨床病史,化驗肝腎功能、血脂、電解質(zhì)和HBVDNA。
1.2 肝活檢及組織學(xué)檢查
由同一位肝病專家因臨床需要進行超聲引導(dǎo)下肝活檢,對照組選擇因其他疾病進行外科手術(shù)切除的正常肝組織。標(biāo)本切片約4μm,進行HE染色及Masson染色,由同一位病理科專家對所有的標(biāo)本進行盲法讀片。肝纖維化分期采用Metavir標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]。 F0,無肝纖維化;F1,肝門部纖維化;F2,門脈周圍纖維化;F3,纖維間隔形成,小葉結(jié)構(gòu)變形,但是無明顯肝硬化;F4,肝硬化。炎癥活動度分級:A0,無炎癥活動;A1,輕微活動;A2,中度活動;A3,重度活動。
1.3 免疫組化方法
患者標(biāo)本均進行VDR,CYP2R1,CYP27A1免疫組化染色,石蠟切片脫蠟至水,0.3%H2O2氧化15min,0.01M PBS 洗 5min×3 次,分別滴加 VDRR抗體、CYP2R1抗體、CYP27A1抗體 (抗體均為Abcam 公司產(chǎn)品),抗-VDR 抗體(稀釋 1:500),抗-CYP2R1 抗體(稀釋 1:600),抗-CYP27A1 抗體(稀釋 1:150)。4℃過夜(同步設(shè)置對照),0.01M PBS洗5min×3次,滴加DAKOⅡ抗,室溫3h,0.01M PBS洗5min×3次,用DAB液顯色,陽性著染細胞呈棕黃色即可終止顯色,0.01M PBS液終止顯色,Meyer蘇木素復(fù)染細胞核1min,流水沖洗10min,梯度乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,中性樹膠封片。免疫組化采取半定量法[5],陰性=0,弱表達=1,中等表達=2,強表達=3。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS17.0進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,相關(guān)性分析采用Spearman's檢驗。
CHB組及對照組的臨床及生化指標(biāo)見表1。CHB組和對照組的年齡、性別、體質(zhì)指數(shù)、總膽固醇和甘油三酯無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(均P>0.05),HBVDNA、AST、ALT、GGT 和 TBIL 具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。無論是膽管細胞還是肝細胞的細胞質(zhì)和細胞核,均有VDR的表達。表 2示,VDR、CYP2R1和CYP27A1在CHB組及對照組的表達情況。膽管細胞無論是對照組還是慢乙肝組均有VDR表達,且無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。在肝細胞VDR的表達比在膽管細胞要弱,而且CHB組較對照組VDR表達更弱(P<0.05),F(xiàn)1組與對照組比較無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05),但是F2和F3組表達比對照組顯著減低(P<0.05)。CYP27A1 和 CYP2R1 的表達均比VDR弱,且CHB組比對照組顯著減低(P<0.05)。 VDR,CYP2R1 和 CYP27A1 在 3 組間(F1,F(xiàn)2,F(xiàn)3)的表達沒有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。

表1 研究組與對照組臨床及生化指標(biāo)比較
VDR的表達與CYP2R1的表達明顯正相關(guān)(P<0.05), 與 HBVDNA 水平負(fù)相關(guān) (P<0.05)。VDR在膽管細胞的表達沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)與上述參數(shù)的相關(guān)性。在CHB組,我們做了纖維化分期同性別、血清轉(zhuǎn)氨酶水平的相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果,肝纖維化分期與VDR、CYP2R1和CYP27A1之間未發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)性。

表2 研究組及對照組免疫組化結(jié)果比較
Barchetta等研究顯示VDR廣泛表達于慢性肝病患者的肝細胞以及炎癥細胞內(nèi),在非酒精性脂肪肝和慢性丙肝患者中,與肝組織學(xué)的嚴(yán)重程度呈負(fù)相關(guān),維生素D/VDR系統(tǒng)在代謝性和病毒性慢性肝損傷過程中扮演重要作用[6]。VDR在正常肝組織中的表達有很多報道[7,8]。維生素D的25羥化由CYP27A1和CYP2R1介導(dǎo)[9]。維生素D在CHB患者肝損傷過程中具有重要作用[10]。許多研究顯示維生素D缺乏和慢性丙肝患者的肝纖維化程度有關(guān)。維生素D水平高的慢性丙肝患者肝纖維化和炎癥水平就比較低。最近的研究顯示維生素D的水平低與慢性丙肝患者接受聚乙二醇干擾素和利巴韋林治療失敗相關(guān)[11]。在慢性丙肝患者,25-羥維生素D水平下降和VDR受體表達水平下降與患者纖維化快速進展具有相關(guān)性[12]。補充維生素D有助于改善慢性丙肝患者的病程進展[13]。有研究顯示VDR基因多態(tài)性與肝癌的發(fā)生率相關(guān)[14]。25-羥維生素D水平下降可能與癌癥發(fā)生、自身免疫病、心血管事件以及多種肝臟疾病的進展有關(guān)[15~18]。但有研究認(rèn)為維生素D水平與與慢性丙肝及纖維化分級無關(guān)[19,20]。
我 們 研 究 了 VDR,CYP2R1,CYP27A1 在CHB肝組織的表達情況,并且分析了他們與臨床及生化指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。盡管VDR一般被認(rèn)為是細胞核受體[21],但是我們的研究提示在肝細胞的細胞核及細胞漿中均有表達。VDR在膽管上皮細胞的表達強度在CHB組和對照組之間無差異,但是在CHB組,肝細胞VDR和CYP2R1的表達顯著相關(guān)。
肝細胞上CYP2R1的表達與VDR的表達正相關(guān),CYP2R1編碼維生素D羥化基因,使得維生素D在肝臟完成羥基化[22]。 事實上,關(guān)于基因組學(xué)的研究顯示CYP2R1-rs10741657與25-羥維生素D3水平顯著相關(guān)[23]。因此這些研究可以幫助我們解釋VDR和CYP2R1表達相關(guān)的原因。
本研究提示,CYP2R1和 CYP27A1在 CHB組表達下降,或許可以解釋CHB患者維生素D羥化能力下降的原因,此前在動物實驗有相似的發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如,Cyp2r1-/-/Cyp27a1-/-小鼠顯著低表達25-羥維生素D3,而CYP2R1的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平卻顯著升高,提示CYP2R1可能是主要機制[24]。
我們的研究存在一定的局限性,樣本數(shù)量有限,并且沒有檢測血清維生素D水平。有研究顯示維生素D缺乏可以出現(xiàn)在多種疾病,并對疾病終末期的進展有促進作用[25]。在丙肝患者維生素D 濃度<30ng/ml往往提示病毒清除率不高[26,27]。另外,血清25羥維生素D水平也與CHB肝纖維化進展呈負(fù)相關(guān)[28]。
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Correlation between the expression of vitamin D receptor and liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B
//YUAN Li-chao,MA An-lin//Journal of China-Japan Friendship Hospital,2017 Apr,31(2):98-101
Objective:To evaluate the hepatic expression of vitamin D receptor(VDR),CYP2R1,and CYP27A1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)and their relationship with histological features of the hepatopathy.Methods:A total of 60 patients with CHB including 20 cases of liver fibrosis stage 1 (F1),20 cases of liver fibrosis stage 2(F2),and 20 cases of liver fibrosis stage 3(F3)were enrolled in the study.Twenty subjects with no history of liver disease served as the controls.All cases detected HBV DNA and biochemical parameters.Expression of VDR,CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.Results:VDR expression on cholangiocytes had no significant difference between in the control group and CHB group (P>0.05).VDR expression on hepatocytes of CHB group were weaker than that in the control group (P<0.05).In CHB patients,expression of CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 appeared lower than VDR (P<0.05).In addition,CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 expression appeared lower in CHB in comparison with controls (P<0.05).The expressions of VDR,CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 had no significant differences among the three groups(F1,F(xiàn)2,F(xiàn)3)(P>0.05).In CHB patients,VDR expression on hepatocytes was strongly positively correlated with the hepatic reactivity for CYP2R1(P<0.05).And it was negatively correlated with HBV DNA(P<0.05).Conclusion:VDR expression on hepatocytes of CHB decreased significantly in comparison with that in controls.In CHB patients,expression of CYP2R1,but not CYP27A1 has a positively correlation with VDR expression.In contrast,HBV DNA has a negatively correlated with VDR expression.
chronic hepatitis B;vitamin D receptor;CYP2R1;CYP27A1
R512.6+2
:A
:1001-0025(2017)02-0098-04
10.3969/j.issn.1001-0025.2017.02.009
中日友好醫(yī)院院級課題(2015-1-QN-9)。
袁利超(1979-),男,主治醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士。
2016-12-14
2017-01-05