姚燕飛 方榮春 唐燕 藍建華
糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清鋅 銅水平與血脂的相關性分析
姚燕飛 方榮春 唐燕 藍建華
目的 探討2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清鋅、銅的水平與血脂的相關性。方法 選擇初次診斷為2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者35例為觀察組,另選擇體檢健康者60例為對照組。檢測兩組患者鋅、銅、甘油三酯、總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平。分析2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血鋅、銅水平及銅/鋅比值與血脂的相關性。結果 觀察組血鋅水平明顯低于對照組;但血銅水平及銅/鋅比值明顯高于對照組,觀察組血鋅與甘油三酯和總膽固醇水平呈負相關;銅/鋅比值與甘油三酯和總膽固醇水平呈正相關;但血銅水平與甘油三酯和總膽固醇水平無相關性。結論 血鋅和血銅水平及銅/鋅比值的異常改變可能在血脂異常及2型糖尿病合并冠心病的發病中具有重要作用。
鋅 銅 血脂水平 相關性分析
近年來,2型糖尿病與冠心病的發病率均呈逐年上升趨勢。由于兩種疾病具有共同的發病基礎[1],因此2型糖尿病合并冠心病的發病率及病死率也明顯增加,有研究已經報道,血清鋅和銅的水平與大多數年齡相關疾病(包括糖尿病和冠心病)的發生密切相關[2-3]。此外,血清鋅和銅的水平與血脂水平密切相關[4-5]。血脂紊亂是2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的重要特征之一。本文探討2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清鋅、銅與血脂的相關性。
1.1 一般資料 2012年7月至2013年7月本院內分泌科和心內科住院初次診斷為2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者35例為觀察組。另選擇本院體檢的無糖尿病、代謝性疾病和心血管疾病的健康體檢者60例為對照組。糖尿病的診斷標準為中華醫學會糖尿病分會建議的糖尿病診斷標準(WHO1999):任意時間血漿葡萄糖水平≥11.1mmol/L或空腹血漿葡萄糖水平≥7.0mmol/L;或在糖耐量實驗中,2h血糖水平≥11.1mmol/L。冠心病確診均依據冠狀動脈造影。排除標準:自身免疫疾病;傳染病;神經變性疾病;腎病;肝臟疾病;鐮狀細胞貧血;克羅恩病或腸病性肢端皮炎;惡性腫瘤史;<6個月曾使用過類固醇治療;入院前服用抗驚厥藥或抗抑郁藥及入院2周服用抗生素者。兩組一般資料比較 見表1。

表1 兩組一般資料比較
1.2 方法 采用全自動生化儀(OLYMPUSAU-600)測定血中血糖、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、總膽固醇、甘油三酯、肌酸酐、尿酸、血尿素氮的水平。用原子吸收分光光度法(SpectrAA-240FS原子吸收光譜儀)測定血清銅、鋅水平,并計算銅、鋅比例。鋅標準和銅標準均購自國家標準物質研究中心。
1.3 統計學方法 采用SPSS13.0統計軟件。計量資料用(x±s)表示,兩組比較用獨立樣本t檢驗;計數資料用χ2檢驗;相關性分析用Pearson's相關性檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 兩組血清鋅和銅水平比較 見表2。

表2 型糖尿病合并冠心病組和對照組血清鋅和銅水平
2.2 觀察組血鋅、銅及銅/鋅比值與血脂的相關性分析 觀察組患者血鋅水平與甘油三酯水平(r=-0.35,P=0.04)和總膽固醇水平(r=-0.48,P=0.003)均具有直線相關關系,且均為負相關。血銅水平與血中甘油三酯水平(r=0.25,P=0.16)及總膽固醇水平(r=0.30,P=0.08)均無明顯的直線相關關系。銅/鋅比值與甘油三酯水平有直線相關關系(r=0.43,P=0.01);與總膽固醇水平也具有直線相關關系(r=0.44,P=0.01)。
鋅和銅均是人體必需的微量元素,其是人體內重要酶的組成成分,且還參與體內的較多重要生理過程。因此,一旦鋅和銅缺乏或過量均會引起生理變化,進而導致疾病發生。研究表明,異常鋅和銅代謝會導致幾種慢性疾病的發生(例如糖尿病和冠心病)[6-7]。但2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清鋅和銅改變情況,及二者與血脂的關系目前尚未清楚。
本資料顯示,2型糖尿病合并冠心患者血鋅水平明顯降低;且血銅水平與銅/鋅比值明顯升高。這與趙長峰等[8]研究結果結果一致。Malavolta M等[9]研究報道,銅/鋅比值被認為是預測老年人死亡的標志物。Mocchegiani E等[10]研究還發現,高銅/鋅比值被調查者具有更高的死亡風險。血脂變化與糖尿病和冠心病的發病密切相關,本資料結果顯示,血鋅與甘油三酯水平和總膽固醇水平呈負相關關系,與Azab S F等[11]對肥胖兒童觀察結果一致,表明鋅缺乏可能在血脂異常及其相關的慢性疾病發生中具有重要作用。此外,銅/鋅比值與甘油三酯水平和總膽固醇水平呈正相關關系,表明銅/鋅比值的異常也可能影響脂代謝。
綜上所述,鋅和銅是人體必需微量元素,2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血鋅和血銅水平及銅/鋅比值均發生改變,表明血中鋅和銅水平的改變及銅/鋅比值的異常改變在血脂異常及2型糖尿病合并冠心病的發病中具有重要作用;但具體機制有待于進一步研究。
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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum zinc and copper levels and blood lipid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease. Methods Thirty-five patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease(CHD)were selected as the observation group. And 60 healthy people were selected as the control group. The levels of serum zinc,copper,triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were determined. The relationship between serum zinc and copper levels,copper/zinc ratio and blood lipids were analyzed. Results Serum zinc level in the observation group was signif i cantly lower than control group. But the levels of serum copper and copper / zinc ratio in the observation group were signif i cantly higher than the control group. Serum zinc level was negatively correlated with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the observation group. While copper / zinc ratio was positively correlated with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. No correlation existed between blood copper levels and three glycerol ester and total cholesterol. Conclusion The abnormality of serum zinc,serum copper and copper / zinc ratio may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease.
Copper Zinc Blood lipids Correlation analysis
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