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共享,讓生活更美好

2017-06-05 22:02:03趙青奇
新東方英語·中學版 2017年5期
關鍵詞:用戶

趙青奇

近兩年來,街頭巷尾出現了越來越多的“小黃車”“小橘車”以及其他品牌的共享單車,它們以迅猛之勢占據了大街小巷,日益頻繁地出現在我們的視野中。乘公共交通出行的你,往返公交站或地鐵站還有一段距離,打車不劃算,步行又似乎有點兒遠。若是換在以前,你唯有選擇奢侈打車或是苦苦步行,但共享單車卻給了我們一個全新的選擇。你只需就近找到一輛“小黃”“小橘”或是“小藍”“小綠”,掏出手機掃碼開鎖,hop on,即可輕輕松松到達目的地。真可謂,“隨時隨地,想騎就騎”。

而在實際生活中,可以共享的也并不只限于單車。共享汽車、共享住房、共享辦公區域……這種以資源共享為最大特點的經濟在給創業者們帶來財富和機遇的同時,更給人們的生活帶來了越來越多的便利,甚至還讓許多人夢想成真。當然啦,共享這件事也完全可以和錢沒有半毛關系卻同樣令許多人受益,譬如本專題第三篇文章所介紹的免費小書屋(Little Free Library)就已傳到了許多國家和地區,吸引了越來越多的人自發參與。

共享,就是這樣,正在讓我們的生活變得更美好!今天,你開始共享了嗎?

The bike-sharing companies that are powering a transportation revolution in China's urban centers are not like those in the rest of the world. Their bikes have no docking1) ports or designated2) zones for parking. Instead, riders open their smartphone apps, hop on, and start pedaling.

That means China's major cities are full of thousands of colorful bikes: They are parked on sidewalks, tucked3) down alleyways4) (although non-public parking is prohibited), waiting outside metro stations and bus stops during the day, and resting outside housing complexes5) at night. Where there are people, there are bikes.

"I can find them everywhere I need them," said Zhang, 25, who manages a ramen6) restaurant in central Shanghai and has become a frequent user of Mobike. Using a smartphone app, Zhang can locate a bike via GPS, then scan its QR code7) to unlock it. He notes that using a bike-share platform has halved his commute8), from 40 minutes by subway to a 20-minute door-to-door bike ride.

"It saves money, too," said Zhang. "Before, it was always a struggle about whether I should take a taxi or not. Maybe it's not far enough to need to take a taxi, but it's not close enough to walk, either. Now the problem's solved."

Business Models:

Mobike and Ofo

In 2015, ofo, China's bike-share pioneer, launched its first fleet9) of bicycles in Beijing. The bikes' distinctive yellow frames were soon met by the orange-rimmed10), basket-equipped models launched by Mobike, ofo's main competitor today. In little over a year, the two companies have had a tremendous impact on revitalizing11) cycling in China, particularly among young people.

Ofo placed 1 million bicycles across 35 cities and registered 15 million users in its first years, while Mobike has now gained more than 10 million unique users and bicycles in 21 cities.

Inspired by their success, at least 10 other companies have jumped into the market, launching their own app-powered, vibrantly12) colored fleets in quick succession. But Mobike and ofo are far ahead of the pack13).

The two industry leaders each take a different approach to a similar concept. Mobike's list of co-founders includes former Uber14) general manager Davis Wang, now Mobike's CEO. Like Uber, the Mobike app uses GPS to display bikes' locations to users. They can use the map to reserve a bike and walk over to it. A scan of the bike's QR code unlocks the bike, and when users manually lock the bike at the end of their trip, the app registers15) the trip's end and the bike will pop back up on the map as available. Equipped with this wireless technology and other design features like a basket, orange rims and airless tires that can't be punctured16), Mobikes cost between 1,000 and 3,000 yuan. Rides cost 1 yuan for an hour or a half hour, depending on whether a user chooses a "Lite17)" or regular bike, and the deposit18) required to subscribe to the service is 299 yuan.

Ofo, meanwhile, is dedicated not just to producing its own bikes, which have slim yellow bodies and cost about 250 yuan, but also to connecting existing bikes to its network—a philosophy that harkens19) back to the company's formation. In early 2015, then applied economics graduate student Dai Wei, now ofo's CEO, called on fellow students at Peking University to volunteer their bikes (and let them be painted yellow) as part of a campus bike-share program. The 2,000 bikes volunteered were the first generation of ofo. Yet the majority of the company's bikes are currently ones that have been specially manufactured and fitted with their lock system. Unlike Mobike, ofo bikes themselves are offline; their locations are tracked through users' cell phones. Users find a free bike, enter the license plate20) number into their app, and receive the bike lock combination21). When they've reached their destination, they end the ride on the app and manually lock the bike. Rides cost 1 yuan for an hour and the deposit is 99 yuan.

The present impact of the bikes in China's urban centers is highly visible. In major cities like Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Guangzhou, you can see bikes from these companies everywhere, and new bikes, either upgrades or forerunners22) from new brands, are regularly dropped off at street corners overnight. Riders can be found at all hours pushing pedals down bike lanes on larger roads or wandering along the quieter streets.

"It's a new thing, and we love new things, we're young people," said Shanghainese banker Zhang, 33, who tried the bike for the first time on a sunny day off in February.

2015年,中國共享單車領域的先驅ofo在北京投放了其第一批自行車,它們的車架是醒目的黃色。很快,這些車便遇上了摩拜單車推出的橙色輪轂、帶車籃的車——摩拜單車如今可是ofo的主要競爭對手。在一年多一點的時間里,這兩家公司就對重振中國的單車騎行產生了巨大的影響,尤其是在年輕人當中。

ofo頭幾年在35個城市投放了100萬輛自行車,有1500萬用戶注冊,而摩拜單車目前(編注:英文原文發表于2017年3月3日)已擁有超過1000萬的獨家用戶,旗下自行車已進駐21個城市。

至少有十家其他公司被這兩家公司的成功所鼓舞,它們縱身加入這個市場,一個接一個地推出了其各自基于app的、色彩鮮艷的自行車。不過,摩拜單車和ofo仍然遙遙領先于其他競爭對手。

這兩家行業領軍企業的理念相似,各自采用的模式卻不同。摩拜單車的聯合創始人名單中包括前優步上海總經理王曉峰,他現在是摩拜單車的首席執行官。和優步一樣,摩拜單車的app通過GPS向用戶顯示自行車的位置。用戶可用其單車分布地圖預訂一輛自行車,然后走過去取車。掃一下這輛自行車的二維碼即可開鎖,用戶在行程結束后手動鎖車時,app會顯示行程結束,這輛車又會以空閑狀態重新出現在地圖上。摩拜單車配備了這種無線技術,還擁有其他的設計特色(比如車籃、橙色輪轂和無需打氣的防刺輪胎),單車造價1000~3000元。該單車的使用費為1元/小時或1元/半小時,取決于用戶選擇的是“輕騎版”還是“運動版”,另外,租車需交299元的押金。

ofo則不僅致力于生產自家的自行車(其黃色車體纖薄輕巧,造價約250元),還努力將現有自行車納入到其自行車網之中,而這正是該公司成立之初的理念。2015年初,當時還是北京大學應用經濟學研究生的戴威(現為ofo首席執行官)號召北大的同學們將自己的自行車貢獻出來(并同意將其涂成黃色),作為校園共享單車計劃的一部分。當時貢獻出來的這2000輛自行車便成為ofo的第一代單車。不過,目前該公司的大多數自行車都是配備其車鎖系統的專門定制款。與摩拜單車不同,ofo單車本身并不聯網,其位置需要通過用戶的手機來追蹤。用戶找到一輛空閑的ofo單車后,在app中輸入車牌號碼,就能收到這輛車的解鎖密碼。到達目的地后,用戶需要在app上結束行程,并手動鎖車。ofo單車的使用費為1元/小時,押金為99元。

目前,共享單車在中國城市中心的影響非常顯著。在像上海、北京、深圳、成都、廣州這樣的大城市,你在哪里都能看到這些公司的單車。新的單車,無論是升級版還是新品牌的先行版,常常在一夜之間就被停在了街角。隨時都能看到人們蹬著車行進在寬闊馬路的自行車道上,或是沿著安靜一些的街道騎車閑逛。

“這是一個新事物,我們喜歡新事物,我們是年輕人嘛。”銀行職員、現年33歲的上海人小張說。2月一個晴朗的休息日,他第一次試騎了共享單車。

商業模式:

摩拜單車與ofo單車

一些共享單車公司正在中國的一個個城市中心掀起一場交通變革,它們與世界其他國家的共享單車公司不同,其共享單車沒有車樁或是指定的停車區域。相反,用戶打開自己的智能手機應用程序(以下稱為app),跳上自行車,就可以開始騎行了。

這意味著中國的大城市到處都停著成千上萬五顏六色的自行車。它們被停放在人行道上、塞在小巷子深處(盡管非公共區域禁止停車),白天候在地鐵站外和公交站旁、晚上停在居民樓外。有人的地方,就有共享單車。

“需要騎車時,我在哪兒都能找著車。”25歲的小張說,他在上海市中心經營著一家拉面館,經常使用摩拜單車。借助一款智能手機app,小張可以通過全球定位系統(以下稱為GPS)找到一輛自行車,然后掃描這輛車的二維碼開鎖。他特別提到,使用共享單車平臺使他在上下班路上的時間減少了一半:從單程坐地鐵要40分鐘減少到騎車20分鐘,而且還能直接騎到門口。

“還省錢,”小張說,“以前,我總是糾結于自己要不要打車。可能路還沒遠到有必要打車,但步行的話又不算太近。現在這個問題解決了。”

1. dock [d?k] v. 停靠,停泊

2. designate [?dez?ɡne?t] vt. 指定

3. tuck [t?k] vt. 把……藏入;把……塞入

4. alleyway [??liwe?] n. 小巷,小街

5. complex [?k?mpleks] n. 綜合樓群(由眾多大樓或一座主樓和諸多輔樓組成)

6. ramen [?rɑ?men] n. 拉面

7. QR code: 二維碼

8. commute [k??mju?t] n. 上下班路程

9. fleet [fli?t] n. (屬于同一機構的)車隊

10. rimmed [r?md] adj. [常構成復合詞]有邊緣的;有邊框的

11. revitalize [?ri??va?t?la?z] vt. 給……注入新的活力,使恢復生機

12. vibrantly [?va?br?ntli] adv. (色彩)鮮艷地;醒目地

13. pack [p?k] n. (統稱)競賽中的落后者

14. Uber: 優步,美國第一大打車平臺、共享經濟的領軍式企業,總部位于舊金山,在全球528個城市提供打車服務。從2014年8月開始,優步亦開始向用戶提供外賣預訂及派送服務。

15. register [?red??st?(r)] vt. 記錄;顯示(讀數)

16. puncture [?p??kt??(r)] vt. 刺破,戳破(車胎等)

17. Lite: 全稱為Mobike Lite,指摩拜單車于2016年10月推出的“輕騎版”,與之前的“運動版”相比更加輕便實用。

18. deposit [d??p?z?t] n. (租用物品的)押金,保證金

19. harken [?hɑ?k?n] vi. 傾聽;聆聽

20. plate [ple?t] n. (汽車等的)號碼牌;牌照

21. combination [?k?mb??ne??n] n. (密碼鎖的)號碼組合

22. forerunner [?f??r?n?(r)] n. 先驅,先導

The bike-sharing companies are developing a real community of loyal users. "Convenient" is the word most bike-sharing customers in Shanghai interviewed used to describe the new services. One important reason for that is that the ubiquitous23) bikes are uniquely suited to solve the "last mile" problem facing many commuters who use public transportation but need to walk for 10 or 15 minutes to get to their train or bus stop. With access to a bike at both ends of their commute, transit24) becomes much more efficient.

This was the case for 4 out of 10 riders surveyed in Shanghai on a recent weekend, each saying that the bikes saved them 5~10 minutes on at least one side of their commute via bus or train.

"When I get off the subway to go home, I will try to take a bike every time," said Sun, 20, a waiter. Sun says his workplace is a 40-minute subway ride, followed by a 10-minute walk from his home. Hopping on a bike at the end of a shift makes that last stretch25) a lot easier. "It's convenient for my every day, and I don't need to buy a bike for myself—I don't have space to park my own bike at home," he added.

23. ubiquitous [ju??b?kw?t?s] adj. 似乎無所不在的;普遍存在的

24. transit [?tr?nz?t] n. 交通運輸系統

25. stretch [stret?] n. 一段距離(或路程)

這些共享單車公司正在培養名副其實的忠實用戶群。“方便”一詞是在上海接受采訪的大多數共享單車用戶對這一新服務的評價。之所以如此,一個重要原因便是很多乘坐公共交通的上班族都面臨著“最后一公里”的問題,即需要步行10或15分鐘才能到達地鐵站或公交站,而無處不在的共享單車正是解決這個問題的不二法門。在上下班的路上,往返公交站或地鐵站都能騎上自行車,這樣通勤就變得更加高效了。

在最近的一個周末對上海共享單車用戶所做的調查中,10個人里有4個人都是這種情況,他們都表示在自己乘公交或地鐵通勤時,共享單車至少有一程幫他們節省了5~10分鐘的時間。

“每次下了地鐵往家走時,我都會盡量找輛單車騎。”現年20歲的服務員小孫說。他說下班回來需要坐40分鐘的地鐵,再從地鐵站走10分鐘才能到家。結束了一個班次的工作后騎上一輛自行車,這最后一段路就變得輕松多了。“共享單車方便了我每天的生活,而且我也不必給自己買一輛自行車——我家沒地兒放自己的自行車。”他補充說。

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