例說單項選擇題中的結構變化

張育陽

中圖分類號：G632 文獻標識碼：B 文章編號：1002-7661（2017）01-085-01

單項選擇題是高考題型中必不可少的題型，題目語境化、交際化、側重考查語言運用能力的程度在逐年加大，表現在：題干隱蔽性強，句子結構變化復雜等。這些都造成了學生在做題時感到無所適從或錯選。下面就單項選擇題中的一些結構變化例舉如下：

1.Do tell me the ways you think of ___ the problem as soon as possible.

A. to solve B. solving C. solve D. being solved

解析：答案為A。本題考查學生的逆向思維。因為think of 通常接動詞-ing 形式，所以許多學生就誤選了B、D項。此題干中的you think of 是一定語從句修飾the ways，意為“你想到的辦法”，不是“你考慮解決困難”，故think of與solve 不是動賓關系。由題意“務必告訴我你想到的盡快解決這一困難的辦法。”可以看出solve the problem 作定語修飾the ways。way后面常用of doing或to do 作定語，故答案為A.

2.The theory he had stuck ___ to be true.

A. proved B .to proving C .to prove D . to proved

解析：答案為：D。此題把定語從句中的謂語動詞stuck to 與主句謂語連在一起，許多學生由于思維定勢而錯誤地認為介詞to后應跟動詞-ing形式而錯選為B。

3. ___the house Mr Zhang has been broken into？

A. When was it that B. When C. Has D. Had

解析：此題答案為C。主要考查疑問句的構成。由于學生對題中含有的定語從句Mr Zhang has分辨不清，誤認為Mr Zhang has been broken into而造成思維空缺，錯選為A。此題句意為“是否有人闖入張先生的房子？”，故此題答案為C，構成現在完成時態的一般疑問句。

4.Time must be made full use of ___hard.

A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied

解析：答案為A。此題考查的是make full use of time.。但由于此句用了被動語態使得謂語動詞中的of與后面作目的狀語的不定式連在一起，使許多學生認為介詞of后跟to study是違背語法的而錯選為C。

5.She is often listened ___ English songs.

A. to sing B. to to sing C. sing D. singing

解析：答案為B。此題考查感官動詞后跟不定式作賓語補足語時通常要省略to，但在變成被動語態時要加上其符號to，即：listen to sb. do sth.→sb. be listened to do sth.。這樣就把謂語中的listen to 與不定式to sing 中的兩個to連在一起，使得學生認為兩個to是不可能連在一起的而誤選為A。

6.Who did the teacher ____an article for the wall newspaper？

A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written

解析：答案為C。此題考查have sb. do sth.。但由于題干中用了一個特殊疑問詞what對賓語提問，造成學生對句子結構分辨不清，認為have write 不符合現在完成時態構成而錯選為B。

7.The teacher often tells him to spend as much time as he ___ his lessons.

A. can do to study B. can studying C. possibly studying D. possible to study

解析：答案B。此題主要考查句型to spend...（in） doing sth.但由于在賓語后插上一個狀語從句，并把從句中的謂語與該句型中的一部分連起來使得學生忽略對題干的整體理解而誤選。

8.The home improvements have taken what little there is ___ my spare time.

A. from B. in C. of D. at

解析：答案為C。此題設計巧妙，結構復雜，我們通過觀察句子結構發現，謂語動詞have taken 的賓語是一個以what引導的感嘆句，如把此句用正常語序排列：...what little___my spare time there is可清楚地看出“...花費我的空余時間中的不多時間”，故正確答案為C。

9.Last term our teacher set so difficult an examination problem ___none of us worked out.

A. that B. as C. so that D. which

解析：答案為B。此題考查引導狀語從句的連詞之間的區別。但由于學生們故有的思維定勢而輕率的選擇了A，忽略了對句子結構的進一步探究。狀語從句none of us worked out中的worked out 是一個及物動詞須帶賓語，因此須用關系代詞as引導，as作worked out 的賓語。如要看作狀語從句，則必須加上代詞it，即...worked it out.

10.Is this watch ___ you wish to have repaired？

A. the one B. which C. that D. what

解析：答案為A。此題考查引導定語從句時關系代詞該如何選擇，但該句以疑問句的形式出現，對學生引起誤導，認為先行詞是this watch.，事實上，this watch 在句中作主語，如把此句改為陳述句則為：This watch is ___you wish to have repaired.，顯然，此句缺少表語也就缺少先行詞，因此正確答案為A。

反饋練習：

1.You can hardly imagine what great trouble Ive had ___ the wounded soldier.

A. treat B. treated C. treating D. to treat

2.––What have you ___hydrogen， Mary？ ––- Balloons.

A. have filled with B. had filled with. .C. had filled of D. to have filled

3.Thats the best way you should think of___ the dying soldier.

A . to save B. save C. having saved D. saving

4.More attention should be paid ___good habits of reading carefully.

A. for forming B. to form C. to forming D. in forming

5.To my disappointment， I saw the computer I had ___went wrong again.

A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired

6.Mr Li made up his mind to devote all he could ___ his oral English before going abroad.

A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving

7.The girl___ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A. referred to look B. refers to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to look

8.Has the boy who was made use of ___realized his mistake？

A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. for stealing

9.The war and suffering ___caused made him older than he really was.

A. it B. that C. what D. which

10.We did all___ help the poor children in western regions.

A. we could do B. what we could do C. that we could D. we could to

Keys： 1～5 CBACC 6～10 DCCAD