初果期泡核桃性狀分析

摘要[目的]調查2個泡核桃品種初果期的表現，為今后撫育管理提供參考。[方法]分別在騰沖市界頭鎮南、中、北產區隨機抽取9年生的大泡核桃和細香核桃各3株，對其單株產量、基徑、樹高、綜合冠幅、果形指數、單果重和出仁率7個性狀進行調查分析。[結果]細香核桃與大泡核桃在界頭鎮全域內都能正常生長；細香核桃樹體生長速度較快，單株產量、出仁率都表現優良；二者堅果形狀相似，呈圓形或橢圓形，細香核桃的堅果較大泡核桃小。細香核桃更適應界頭中北部較高海拔的氣候，而大泡核桃較適應界頭南部較低海拔的氣候。[結論]應選擇細香核桃為界頭鎮主栽品種，大泡核桃作為補充品種，在局部低海拔地區種植或作為授粉品種種植。

關鍵詞細香核桃；大泡核桃；初果期；性狀分析；界頭鎮

中圖分類號S662.1文獻標識碼

A文章編號0517-6611（2017）05-0014-03

Abstract[Objective] To investigate early fruiting performance of two Juglans sigillata varieties and provide a reference for future tending management.[Method] Three strains were randomly chosen from nine years old Dapao and Xixiang walnut at the south， middle and north region of Jietou Town，Tengchong City，respectively.Seven traits were investigated such as yield per plant， basal diameter， tree height， synthetical canopy， fruit shape index， weight of single fruit and kernel percent.[Result]Xixiang and Dapao walnut grew normally at Jietou Town.Xixiang walnut grew faster than Dapao walnut， it had good properties in yield per plant and kernel percent.The shapes of two J.sigillata varieties were similar， round or oval，but Xixiang walnut was relatively smaller than Dapao walnut.Xixiang walnut was more suitable for the climate of high altitude at north and middle region of Jietou Town，when Dapao walnut was more suitable for the climate of low altitude at southern area of Jietou Town.[Conclusion]Xixiang walnut would be chosen as major variety for Jietou Town.Dapao walnut would be chosen as complement variety which planted at local low altitude area or as pollination variety.

Key wordsXixiang walnut；Dapao walnut；The early fruiting period；Character analysis；Jietou Town

作者簡介董學芬（1978—），女，云南騰沖人，工程師，從事林業技術推廣工作。

收稿日期2016-12-21

泡核桃（Juglans sigillata Dode）又稱鐵核桃、漾濞泡核桃、深刻紋核桃，為胡桃科（Juglandaceae）核桃屬落葉喬木，主要分布在云南、貴州全境和四川、湖南、廣西西部以及西藏南部[1-2] 。泡核桃仁營養豐富，具有良好的食用、益智保健和醫療作用，是我國西南部分地區重要的經濟樹種，其栽培歷史超過600年[3-6]。云南省騰沖市界頭鎮栽培的核桃主要是泡核桃的2個品種，即大泡核桃和細香核桃（以下簡稱大泡和細香）[7]。近年來，界頭鎮種植泡核桃1.33余萬hm2，由于推進速度過快，發展時未能全面考慮種植品種與種植產區的適應性。……