月球數字地質圖編制與月球演化模型綜合研究

鄒永廖++鄭永春++陳建平++丁孝忠++林楊挺

摘 要：該研究以嫦娥一號衛星1∶250萬全月球影像圖為基礎，綜合繞月探測工程的其他科學成果和國際月球探測的已有科學成果，編制嫦娥三號預選著陸區——月球虹灣及其周緣區域數字地質圖和大地構造綱要圖。主要研究內容包括：利用多源數據，開展月球巖石類型的識別，獲得月球典型域主要巖石類型的分布；開展月球撞擊坑的統計和分析，獲得月球典型區域重大地質事件的相對年齡；開展月球構造類型的識別和分類，獲得月球典型區域構造類型的屬性數據，并進一步編制月球大地構造綱要圖；開展月球物質成分、地層時代的劃分，綜合構造類型屬性數據，建立月球地質圖空間數據庫，輔以地質圖上需要表現的月球地理屬性要素，編制月球典型區域的數字地質圖；開展月球隕石專題研究和月球東海地區地質演化專題研究，結合月球地質圖的研究，修正和建立月球起源與演化的概念性模型。所選擇的典型區域面積大于任務書要求的100 km2，實際達到130 km2；典型區域覆蓋月海、月陸等主要地質單元，地質內容的豐富性符合任務書要求。月球地質圖編圖實際達到的比例尺為1∶250萬，超過任務書要求的1∶500萬的指標；構造綱要編圖實際達到的比例尺1：250萬，超過任務書要求的1∶1 000萬的指標。月球地質圖中承載的地質內容包括地層時代、物質成分和構造類型，符合任務書要求；形成的地質圖空間數據庫結構合理、科學內涵豐富。在月球隕石中發現極富KREEP的新巖石類型，提出月球巖漿洋固化年齡為39.2億年，論證了月球東海盆地的傾斜撞擊成因，對月球演化歷史提供了新的認識。

關鍵詞：月球 數字地質編圖 構造綱要圖 嫦娥一號

Abstract： The project takes the global image （scale 1∶2.5 M） as the base， conduct lunar digital geologic mapping of Sinus Iridum area， which has been chosen as the candidate landing site of Chang'E-3. The data used in this study are CCD images， interference imaging spectral data and DEM from China's Lunar Exploration Project （Chang'E-1）， and Clementine UV-VIS spectrometer data and LOLA laser altimeter data， LROC broad-view image data. A series of relevant researches include analysis of impact craters and cratering materials， cratering of the interesting area and relative dating of important geological events， division of stratigraphic and tectonic unit， elements distribution on the moon， rocktype classification of this area， integrated analysis of chronology and regional evolution. The project constructs the database of surfacial material， stratigraphic， lunar tectonic and gets the geological map of Sinus Iridum area. This project also conduct geological mapping of Mare Orientale， the multiple ring crater. Basing on the analysis of rejected material distribution， we confirm this is an angle collision event， not normal to the surface. Except geologic mapping， this project performs lots of detailed work about SaU 169， the most KREEP-rich lunar meteorite. The Pb–Pb ages of zircon were analyzed with CAMECA ism 1280. Our analyses show a bimodal pattern with a major peak at （3921±3）Ma and a small peak at （4016±6）Ma， which provides new constraints on the last residue of the Lunar Magma Ocean. The mapping area is 130 km2， bigger than the 100 km2 in the project proposal requires. The geologic map and geotectonic outline map scale are 1∶2.5 M and 1∶5 M. Both are better than the project proposal requires. After three years'hard work， the research contents and goals required in the task schedule have been completely finished.

Key Words： Moon； Digital geologic map； Geotectonic outline map； ChangE-1

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