多細胞生物起源和早期演化研究報告

袁訓來++陳哲

摘 要：該研究主要進展包括：（1）藍田生物群與埃迪卡拉生物群的對比研究，對澳大利亞南部的埃迪卡拉生物群和我國華南的藍田生物群以及廟河生物群中產出的相同或相似的化石進行了細致研究，通過比較古生物學和功能形態學的證據，證實了傳統的水生埃迪卡拉理論。（2）新元古代大冰期前生物地層學研究取得新進展，利用改良的疑源類分析方法，在我國淮南地區新元古代劉老碑組頁巖中獲得了大量精美的有機質壁保存的微體化石，為我國膠遼徐淮地區前寒武紀地層的歸屬和對比，以及新元古代早期地層的全球層型研究提供了可靠的生物地層學資料。（3）新元古代冰期最直接的巖石學證據在貴州開陽地區南沱組冰磧巖中發現重晶石和含硫酸鹽的自生孔雀石，硫酸鹽具極低的δ180值，與現在極地冰川的氧同位素相似。該項研究為南沱組雜礫巖的冰川成因提供了最直接的證據。

關鍵詞：藍田生物群 埃迪卡拉生物群 前寒武紀地層

Abstract： Project “Origin and early evolution of multicellular organisms” is proceeded according to the designed schedule， and obtained some important progresses in 2013. The progresses include： （1）Comparative study between the Ediacara fauna and Lantian biota. The similar fossils are found in Ediacara fossils from Australia and Lantian in China. The comparative paleobiology and functional morphology analysis support the traditional interpretation that Ediacara fossils were marine rather than terrestrial organisms. （2）New data on pre-Cryogenian biostratigraphy. Using an improved technique， a diverse assemblage of organic-walled microfossils was recovered from shales of the Liulaobei Formation in Huainan， Anhui. The new data suggest that the Loilaobei Formation is pre-Cryogenian Neoproterozoic in age， and also give us a potential index fossils for the definition of the base of the Neoproterozoic and for the biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of early Neoproterozoic rocks in the world. （3）The direct petrological evidence of Neoproterozoic glaciations. Cuprite， barite， and some of the malachite were found within Kaiynag diamictite in Guizhou. The very negative sulfate isotope data indicate that the Kaiyang diamictite was deposited on land and is the record of one of the Neoproterozoic glaciations that had almost the same meltwater δ180value as that of modern glaciers in Antarctica， which also independently supports the glacial origin of the Kaiyang diamictite.

Key Words： 2013； Annual report； Research progress

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