全國卷閱讀理解中的數字推斷題

羅麗雯

高考英語全國卷閱讀理解題中的以文中數字命題的題是比較容易拿分的。怎樣拿分呢？我們以歷年高考題為例給大家一一說明。

[例題1]（2015全國I 卷閱讀B）

Salvador Dali（1904-1989）was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings， sculptures， drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces， most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938， works on paper， objects， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.

28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1？

A. Optimistic. B. Productive C. Generous. D. Traditional.

解析：原文第一段提到兩位藝術家，前半部分在介紹Dali，根據第一段第二句末尾出現的數字：展示的作品有200多幅油畫、雕塑、素描以及更多別的作品。對照各選項：樂觀的， 多產的，大方的，傳統的，可知選B。

[例題2]（2015全國II卷閱讀B）

More students than ever before are taking a gap year（間隔年）before going to university. It used to be the“year off”between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated（起源）with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

This year， 25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year， according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service（UCAS）.

That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with， and complete， their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.

29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text？

A. It is flexible in length. B. It is a time for relaxation

C. It is increasingly popular D. It is required by universities

解析：借助第一段第一句和第三段第一句的數字：more than ever before...， 14.7% increase，從這些數字看出越來越多的學生，考上大學后會休整一年。故選C。

[例題3]（2014年全國II 卷閱讀C 篇）

One of the latest trend（趨勢）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford， for example， has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4，000 since 2004. And thats true all across the country.

…

The popularity if au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

31. What can we infer from the text？

A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America，

B. Educated woman do better in looking after children

C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.

D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.

解析：第一段出現了對比數字：對中國“互惠”家長的需要，僅在斯坦福德，就從零到大約4000人的需求，而且全國都有這樣的趨勢。文章最后一段再次提到中國“互惠”家長受歡迎度有增無減，越來越多的家長希望孩子學習漢語。從對比的數字以及相關內容，我們可以推斷A是正確的。

[例題4] （2014年全國II 閱讀D篇）

Metrobus

When paying with exact charge， the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip？誖card ， the fare is 1.25.

Fares for senior/ disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus ， use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip？誖card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards， SmarTrip？誖cards and passes， please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

34. What is good about a SmarTrip？誖card ？

A. It is convenient for old people.

B. It saves money for its users

C. It can be bought at any train

D. It is sold on the Internet

解析：題目要求我們找出SmarTrip？誖card的好處，從Metrobus這里我們看到對比數字，一般是1.35美元，但用了SmarTrip？誖card只需要1.25美元，因此選B。

[例題5]（2013全國I 卷閱讀D）

Getting There：

Nearest underground stations： Charing Cross（2-minute walk）， Leicester Square（3-minute walk）， Embankment（7-minute walk）， and Piccadilly Circus（8-minute walk）.

70. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery？

A. Piccadilly Circus. B. Leicester Square.

C. Embankment. D. Charing Cross.

解析：從原文最后一段，列舉出的離得最近的地鐵站以及出站后需要走路的時間，經過對比，我們發現Charing Cross只需要走2分鐘，時間最短，因此選D。

從以上幾道題，我們可以看到當文中出現數字，特別是有數據對比時，通常會成為考點。因此，當我們遇到有對比的數據時，應該想到有可能是解題的線索。這樣，在摒棄一些冗余材料后，我們需要閱讀的內容就更有針對性，解題的速度和正確率也提高了。

責任編輯 蔣小青