楓香種群格局與生境適應性的研究

摘要：楓香因其維護地力作用明顯、生態效益好、經濟價值高，在生產、科研上備受重視。但由于人類活動的長期干擾，我國楓香林幾乎被砍伐殆盡。因此，研究楓香種群的分布格局對種群恢復具有實踐上的指導意義。本文以不同生境的楓香群落為研究對象，采用群落生態學的研究方法對楓香種群進行野外調查，研究種群分布格局與生物和環境因素之間的關系。結果表明：（1）不同地點，楓香種群聚集強度的大小有差異；（2）不同坡位，楓香種群均呈聚集分布，但聚集強度大小因坡位環境差異而不同；（3）不同坡向，楓香種群聚集強度陰坡面較陽坡面大，但聚集強度值因坡向環境差異而不同；（4）在種群發育中，幼齡期個體數量最多，并且齡級越靠近幼齡期，種群分布越呈強烈的聚集性。隨年齡的增長，種群進入中齡期和老齡期，種群聚集度呈下降趨勢并趨向隨機分布或均勻分布；（5）不同地點，楓香與群落中其它物種呈現出不同的相關性，但正關聯種對均比負關聯種對少；（6）影響楓香種群的生境異質性主要為水、熱、光、土壤以及地形條件，它們決定著楓香種群的大尺度分布格局特征以及分布區域。

關鍵詞：楓香；種群分布格局；生物因素；環境因素

中圖分類號：S9315

文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：1008-0457（2017）03-0006-09國際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.03.002

Abstract：The production of and scientific research on Liquidambar formosana have received considerable attention because the maple plant has obvious effect on maintaining soil fertility，good ecological benefit and high economic valueHowever，due to the long term interference of human activities，China’s maple forest is almost been cleared outTherefore， study on the distribution pattern of Lformosana has practical significance for population restorationIn this study，we selected Lformosana community in different habitats as the research object，and used the research methods of community ecology to investigate Lformosana population in order to understand the relationships between the population distribution and the biological and environmental factorsThe results showed that：（1）The size of Lformosana aggregation intensity is obviously different in different locations（2）Liquidambar formosana populations showed an aggregating distribution on different slope positions，but the size of aggregation intensity is different due to the slope’s environmental variations（3）The aggregation is greater on shaded slopes than sunny slopes，but the aggregation intensity is different due to the slope’s environmental variations（4）During the growth of the population，the number of juvenile individuals is largest，and more closer to juvenile age more aggregating of the population distribution；with the increase of the population to middle age or old age，the aggregation intensity of the population showed a decline trend and population become a random distribution or uniform distribution；（5）Liquidambar formosana showed different correlations with other woody plant species in different locations，but the positive correlations are less than negative correlations（6）Habitat heterogeneity affecting the population is mainly water，heat，light，soil and terrain conditions，which determine the largescale population distribution of Lformosana

Key words：Liquidambar formosana；population distribution pattern；biological factors；environmental factors

楓香（Liquidambar formosana Hance）屬金縷梅科楓香亞科楓香屬的高大落葉喬木[1]。是一種經濟價值很高的林木，在生產、科研上備受重視，是很有潛力的造林綠化樹種。同時楓香因其大量的枯落物和深根性，維護地力作用較明顯，生態效益好，是人工林樹種結構調整的首選樹種之一[2]。……