不同濃度及不同時間鎘脅迫對超富集植物孔雀草滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的影響

摘要：為研究望謨縣石屯鎮(zhèn)油茶基地土壤質(zhì)量，做出較為全面的土壤質(zhì)量綜合評價。選取土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀作為有效養(yǎng)分的指標(biāo)參考貴州第二次土壤普查分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用土壤養(yǎng)分模糊綜合評價法評價，另選取7種重金屬（鎘、鉻、鉛、汞、砷、銅、鋅）作為污染指標(biāo)結(jié)合單因子污染指數(shù)法（PI）、內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法進行評價。最后結(jié)合養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)和污染指標(biāo)利用SQI綜合指數(shù)法進行綜合評價。結(jié)果表明：土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮、全磷含量較為豐富，堿解氮和速效磷含量較次。油茶基地土壤養(yǎng)分綜合指標(biāo)平均值0.73，中等。重金屬含量中所有樣品都達到了 “清潔”等級；綜合污染指數(shù)為0.676，處于“清潔”水平。土壤綜合質(zhì)量指數(shù)為0.776，屬于高等水平。當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)發(fā)展清潔農(nóng)業(yè)，保證油茶產(chǎn)量，防治結(jié)合確保油茶質(zhì)量安全。

關(guān)鍵詞：養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)；重金屬；綜合評價；油茶

中圖分類號：X53

文獻標(biāo)識碼：A

文章編號：1008-0457（2017）03-0037-07國際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.03.007

Abstract：In order to study the soil quality of oil tea base in Shitun Town， Wangmo County， a comprehensive evaluation of soil quality was made. Soil organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium were used as indicators of effective nutrient reference according to the Second Provincial Survey for Soil Classification Standards. The soil quality was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of soil nutrient. Seven kinds of heavy metals （cadmium， chromium， lead， mercury， arsenic， copper and zinc） were evaluated as the pollution index combined with the single factor pollution index （PI） and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. Finally， the SQI comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the nutrient index and pollution index. The results showed that soil organic matter， total nitrogen and total phosphorus were abundant， and the contents of available N and available P were the next. The average soil nutrient comprehensive index in the oil tea base was 073， indicating medium level. Heavy metals in all samples have reached the “clean” level. Comprehensive pollution index was 0676， at the “clean” level. The soil comprehensive quality index was 0.776， which belongs to the high level. Local farmers should develop green agriculture to ensure oil tea yield， while， guarantee the quality safety of Camellia by the combination of control and treatment.

Key words：nutrition index； heavy metals；comprehensive evaluation； Camellia Oleifera

土壤是人類生產(chǎn)生活的基礎(chǔ)，是生物圈的重要組成部分[1]。土壤質(zhì)量無法直接測量，但可通過某些重要影響因子反映其優(yōu)劣。綜合評價模式已成為目前研究土壤質(zhì)量的主流模式，如運用聚類分析、因子分析、主成分分析和模糊綜合評判等[2-3]。在環(huán)境質(zhì)量、食品安全及社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域土壤的重金屬評價具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義[4-7]。目前主流的土壤綜合質(zhì)量評價無法全面描述土壤的基本情況，在綜合評價中加入所需的單項質(zhì)量評價能為研究區(qū)域提供更全面的科學(xué)技術(shù)支持。……