What might the United Nations and International Community Undertake to Address some of the Key Issues in the Middle East

姜盼盼

（Panpan Jiang）

The issue of the Middle East has attracted an increasing number of peoples concern from ancient times to the present. Due to continuously conflict and warfare， some international community has been established to undertake the solution of key issue in these region. One of the most significant community is the United Nations （UN）， to some extent， the UN has positive influence in main event of Middle East. The background of UN can be traced back to 1919， a league of nations has been built as a action for the First World War， this is the first attempt to construct a universal organization with responsibility for these area. Although the league of nations fail to address issue completely， members who from member states take actively actions to impede the occurrence of the second wholesale slaughter. The further effort lead to success， which gives rise to the found of the UN in 1945 （Merrills， 2011）. The conflict has been happened which is frequent and abiding in the Middle East and North Africa. Several main events cause the operation of the UN to deal with， which mainly introduces several main events in this essay. The key issues totally surrounds five Arab-Israeli conflict. These issues have been participated by UN， therefore， what is the main reason that causes the UN to put more attention in the Middle East and what kinds of duties should be shouldered that can be explained.

The United Nations

The UN is the most authoritative and comprehensive as the largest political international organization globally in international community， which not only leads to far-reaching influence in Middle East， but also in the world. The primary aim of UN is to maintain worldwide peace and security， Specially， in urgent issues of Middle East， the UN really concern these grave condition， the key point of emphasizing gain the territory without fighting and need to fair and lasting peace for work and life. Several significant documents from the UN can express positive influence in the Middle East （1974）， decision of stopping war and force immediately and instantly adopts peaceful negotiation with all parties， which can build a durable harmonious environment. Furthermore， confront with the Arab-Israeli War， the relevant inspectors of UN has been sent on mission of supervising trends and cease-fire condition. It can be said that this battle is the important objects of concern， negotiation is common method to deal with contradiction between nations. Diplomacy is more accurate and professional term when members enable to adjust relationship with internal and external in negotiation， it is not a groundless rumor. Lyman （2004） confirms this situation that Bunche is an significant diplomatist who worked at the Secretariat of the UN in issue of Arab-Israeli War， by means of his efforts continuously address armed conflicts on six-long discussion. Ultimately， the two parties made a bargain to cease fire， in a manner of speaking， the UN creates a vital contribution under this circumstance.

Arab-Israeli War

The second key affair， conflict of Arab-Israeli， has been happened in the Middle East， during this time， the UN play various roles in different period. The Arab-Israeli War has been divided into five main conflict from 1948 to 1982. Cleveland and Bunton （2016） demonstrate the first Middle East War in 1948， which could be thought a regional war， this war is as symbolic of expansion of Israeli territory and failure of Arab force. What is the main reason to lead to the conflict between Arab and Israel that can be traced to Zionism， a mass number of Zionist flew into Palestine Arab， in order to occupy this region which spares no effort to trigger bloody clashes. Therefore， it can be said that the confrontation of Arab-Zionist is the root of the Arab-Israeli War. At the same time， by means of the UN General Assembly vote for land distribution， in addition， agree with Jewish to organize their own country， the UN hopes to solve the issue of bloody clashes peacefully by this way. However， the vote does not be fulfilled by Arab， the 55 percentage of fertile land has been apportioned to Jewish， it could be argued that this resolution is one point of criticism， which harms to the status and interest of Arab. Above results reflected negative side under the management of the UN， did not play positive role in this situation， most seriously， in the second day after the establishment of Israeli， they launch a offensive to plunder more territory， this is known as the first Middle East War.

After that， the second Arab-Israeli War is about Britain， France and Israel to associate with each other， which can assault Egypt for the sake of the control of the Suez Canal in 1956. This war also represents the two super powers of the United States and the Soviet Union to become real dominant role in the Middle East. Put apparently differently with the first Arab-Israeli War， the UN achieve succeed to a certain degree， due to the intervention of UN， both sides have to accept the agreement of armistice.the members of Baghdad Pact （1957） propose their statement that denounce to continue invade Israeli， appear to Israeli army to withdraw from Egypt immediately， in addition， prisoners from Egypt also need to be released. The UN concentrate on this conflict， which advocates equality and to respect the sovereignty， independence and integrity of Egypt. More specifically， the aggression of above-mentioned three countries has been clamped down by international community， the UN still assist Egypt to strive for more rights and interests. In order to further superintend the implement of demilitarization， United Nations Emergency Force （UNEF） has already been erected. Although the Israeli reject arrangement of UNEF within the territory， the UNEF put their troops in the Egyptian border to observe trends of the two parties， it can also help Egypt under their secure control. Therefore， in other words， the Egypt can not gain complete victory in final results of the second Arab-Israeli War， however， they obtain ttingham Ningbo China（寧波諾丁漢大學） 浙江 寧波 315100）the success of polity， all sovereignty of the Suez Canal be won by Egypt under the assistance of the UN and international community.

The third and fourth Arab-Israeli War all have the intervention of the UN， it does not difficult to guess that cease-fire is the main idea of the UN for setting up the peaceful circumstance. The fifth Arab-Israeli War， which is called Lebanon war in 1982， will be detailed explanation in this paragraph， because it is the biggest one between the war of Arab and Israeli in the Middle East， which occupies half territory of the Lebanon. Due to the fact that ambassador to Great Britain of Israeli has been killed by Palestinian militant groups， Israeli take this issue as the main reason to mobilize 100 thousands troops of all land， sea and air forces to attack Lebanon， which cause large scale damage. Facing this war， the UN also expects to help address the conflict peacefully. The evidence can be shown from Coleman （2007） that the UN builds army to relieve this conflict， furthermore， they still care about other war to be happened in Lebanon even today， which makes an increasing number of troops to be expanded for protecting them. According to description of the fore-mentioned author （ibid）， it can be known that the battle of Lebanon is frequent because this region always appear to concern of the UN. It means， although， it still has a large number of conflicts in the need of intervention of the UN later， for the fifth Arab-Israeli War， in some degree， be relieved by the UN. Therefore， regardless of what kinds of consequence， regardless of useful or not， the UN insists the peaceful purpose as an administrator in this five main Middle East War.

Conclusion

In conclusion， to compare with other regions， numerous nations of the Middle East are more likely to occur conflict， this negative phenomenon attracts much more attentions of some international community， particularly， the UN is the most authoritative international organization which sustains great responsibilities. When confront with the Arab-Israeli War， the UN is the same as a administrator to promote peace and restrain the warfare. Therefore， the UN undertakes the responsibility of setting up peaceful condition and developing friendly relations between nations， despite they have a certain limitation in the Middle East， it will be better in the future.

Reference Lists

[1]Bunton， M.（2016） a History of the Modern Middle East. Westview Press.

[2]Coleman， K.（2007） Epilogue： UN Intervention in Lebanon. Cambridge： Cambridge University Press.

[3]International Organization. （1957） Baghdad Pact. Archival Journals， 11， 186-188.

[4]Lyman， P.（2004） Ralph Bunche's International Legacy： The Middle East， Congo， and United Nations Peacekeeping. The Journal of Negro Education， 73， 159-170.

[5]Merrills， J.（2011） The United Nations. International Dispute Settlement， 10， 219-256.

[6]Qunivet， N.（2006） You are the Weakest Link and We will Help You！ The Comprehensive Strategy of the United Nations to Fight Terrorism. Journal of Conflict and Security Law， 11， 371-397.