談高中英語閱讀理解題的解題方法

嚴晉汾

（青海省西寧市南川西路中學）

根據(jù)高中英語教學大綱的要求，高考試題應該具有相對的穩(wěn)定性，每年的高中英語高考試題中閱讀理解題型不會有太大的變化.閱讀理解是高中英語試卷中最常見的題型，它能有效的考查學生的知識面，開闊學生的眼界，也能夠考查學生對文章的理解程度。因此，如果學生對閱讀理解的解題策略和方法上加以培養(yǎng)和訓練，是有很重要的現(xiàn)實意義。

在高中英語閱讀理解題型中，出現(xiàn)最多的題型不外乎細節(jié)題，主旨大意題，推理判斷題，猜測詞義題四大類，下面我就這四類題型結(jié)合自己的教學經(jīng)驗，談談自己的體會。

一、閱讀理解之細節(jié)題解題策略

對于細節(jié)題，考綱要求考生能夠根據(jù)不同德要求閱讀文章，獲取特定的信息或準確地尋找所需的細節(jié)。細節(jié)題是文章的有機組成部分，是作者表達中心思想的重要手段，多以who， what， when， where等形式開頭。做此類題需要忠于原文，學會快速的辨認和記憶事實或細節(jié)。

1.1直接法——直接信息題

以例說題：（2012年江蘇高考英語試卷）

Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic （流行病） sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges， such as flood， rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The countrys fanners are getting older， and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census （普查） figures show that the fastest-growing group of fanners is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.

59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture？

A. Fewer and older farmers.

B. Higher fuel prices.

C. More natural disasters.

D. Lower agricultural output. 轉(zhuǎn)

【試題解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“The countrys farmers are getting older， and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place”可知，A項正確。

1.2間接法——間接信息題

以例說題：（2012年江蘇高考英語試卷）

Joan Mclean think so. In fact， Mclean， a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range， feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who”invented”what”， however， Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the”why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean，”When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”

57. Professor Joan McLeans course aims to_____.

A. add colour and variety to students campus life

B. inform students of the windshield wipers invention

C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University

D. prepare students to try their own invention

【試題解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第二段，However處正是考點出題處，引號當中的內(nèi)容正是證明了Mclean的觀點：when students learn the answers to these questions， ... prepared to recognize…inventing a try.由此可以看出選項D正是原文的同義替換。

二、結(jié)束語

高中英語閱讀理解最大的特點就是將錯誤的答案排除，來選擇正確的一個，四選一，只有掌握它的做題方法，才能得高分。解決的策略還有很多，只要我們老師在工作中不斷的總結(jié)，實踐，一定能夠提高學生的做題水平，取得好的教學效果。