七大移民友好國家

文/帕特·斯普拉克林 譯/雷婷

七大移民友好國家

文/帕特·斯普拉克林 譯/雷婷

So you’re ready to leave your country and start a new life somewhere,but you’re not sure which destination is right for you. Don’t just throw a dart at a map or follow your relatives: consider what your priorities will be and pick the country that’s right for you.

7. Norway

[2] Scandin avia1斯堪的納維亞（歐洲西北部文化區，包括挪威、瑞典和丹麥，有時也包括冰島、芬蘭和法羅群島）。is the most peaceful, stable, safe (and, yeah, cold) region on earth, and Norway consistently tops lists of equality, happiness, and standard of living. There’s the fjords2fjord冰川侵蝕河谷形成峽谷，再被海水倒灌成為峽灣。. The cool Viking3Viking 維京人生活在1000多年前的北歐，即今天的挪威、丹麥和瑞典,以海盜文化而出名。heritage. The rehabilitative justice system4恢復性司法制度要求不僅對罪犯定罪量刑，還要保護受害者的利益以及恢復被犯罪破壞的安定祥和的社會秩序。挪威是最早立法制定該項制度的國家之一。rehabilitate改造（罪犯等）。. The seed bunker5末日種子庫位于挪威斯瓦爾巴群島的一處山洞中，由挪威政府出資，旨在防止植物因天災人禍滅絕，為植物學家提供種子基因。.The massive, responsibly-invested oil wealth. Come for the cross-country skiing, stay for the herring!

[3] It’s no surprise that Norway comes in 5th out of 175 countries in Transparency International’s rankings6指總部位于德國柏林的國際非政府組織透明國際發布的世界廉政指數排行榜，該指數反映政黨、警察、司法系統以及行政部門的廉潔程度，1995年起每年發布一次。but what is a little surprising is their murder rate of 2.2 per 100,000. That’s more than double New Zealand’s and ahead of Canada and Australia. Their Royal Motto is Everything for Norway7Everything for Norway挪威語原文為Alt for Norge，由挪威第一任國王哈康七世提出，成為了挪威人民在二戰期間抵抗德國法西斯以及二戰后重建家園的精神指導。and they seem to live up to it: free tuition in their excellent public universities, day care, a social welfare net and everything you would expect from a Scandinavian kingdom with a huge sovereign wealth fund, fed by all that offshore oil.

[4] Unsurprisingly, most immigrants to Norway have come from western and northern Europe, with Poland the source of the largest group. Immigrants also come from all over Asia, with a large portion of those coming from Turkey.

6. New Zealand

[5] If you value natural beauty and a relaxed pace of life, New Zealand would make a great immigration destination. Its proximity to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands and its wellrespected and strong Maori indigenous culture8毛利人是新西蘭的土著居民，占新西蘭總人口的14% ，其語言和文化卻對新西蘭人的生活產生了重要的影響，其中毛利語演講、古代戰舞、碰鼻禮、紋身術、石頭火鍋等傳統文化非常有特色。makes New Zealand a diverse and friendly country. If you prefer metropolitan bustle9bustle忙碌；喧囂。, stay away, but if you’re ready to slow down and have the mountains and greenery blow your mind, come on over.

[6] The island nation is practically Scandinavian in its democratic openness and transparency. It ranks 2nd in Transparency International’s rankings and it’s murder rate of 0.9 per 100,000 inhabitants is one of the lowest in the world, less than in Australia or Canada.Unfortunately, international students at the university level pay far higher tuition than locals do. As for their national sport, the men in black10全黑隊是新西蘭的橄欖球國家隊，以身穿黑色球服聞名，是世界級橄欖球強隊。are all about Rugby, and New Zealand’s passion for the game is perhaps unlike anywhere else on the planet.

[7] Predictably, over a third of immigrants to New Zealand come from the British Isles. Japan and Korea are the next biggest source of immigration. New Zealand also gets a substantial proportion of its immigrants from the Pacific Islands. South Africa is also a big source.

5. America

[8] America is the number one immigration destination in the world, with over one-fifth of all global immigrants heading there annually, according to a recent US census11census人口普查。study. The downside to that is competition: with all of those other strivers12striver奮斗者。chasing the dream, you might find yourself struggling to get a foothold13foothold（可以此發展或取得成功的）立足點。. And in spite of generally weak employment possibilities and stalled14stall使停止。immigration reform, the US is still one of the best places to come if you’re an engineer or if you’re in the tech industry. Just don’t try entering illegally and stay out of the South.

[9] Yes, crime rates are higher than in countries like Canada or Australia. And the safest city in the USA? Plano, Texas according to recent statistics. What to say about education? America has an overwhelmingly15overwhelmingly壓倒性地；可觀地。diverse amount of options to choose from when deciding where to study. However, the gaps are huge between the top achievers and those that struggle to stay in school.

[10] America has an incredibly complex tax system that begs for expert advice, or good tax software, to help you navigate it. Right now top marginal rates16marginal rate邊際稅率，是指增加一些收入時，增加的所納稅額同增加的收入之間的比例。for personal income tax are high at 39.6%. In the mid-fifties America’s Motto changed from “E Pluribus Unum”―which is Latin for“Out of One, Many”―to “In God We Trust”. America’s national pastime used to be Baseball, without any doubt. That’s changed in the last few decades and Foot-ball now bests17best打敗，勝過。Baseball for that honor.

[11] Most immigrants to the US currently come from Mexico: over 9,000,000 of the foreign born population of the United States was born in Mexico,and that makes up the vast majority.China and the Philippines are next on the list. India and Vietnam have both provided about 1 million immigrants.

4. Singapore

[12] This powerhouse city-state in Southeast Asia has liberal immigration laws, close to zero unemployment, and half of its population is foreign-born.With English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil spoken in its lively (and notoriously clean―remember the gum and spitting laws18新加坡境內禁止售賣以及在公眾場合食用口香糖，更禁止隨地吐痰、亂扔垃圾、橫穿馬路、公眾場合吸煙等陋習，違者會受到嚴厲處罰。?) streets, migrants from Asia and India will feel especially at home here. Keep in mind that it’s small―the country is just one big 700 square kilometre city at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, but it’s also by far the most diverse city in Asia with a centuries-long history of migration.

[13] Singapore’s murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants is an astonishingly low 0.2. Way less than most every other place on the planet. University tuition is not cheap but is reasonable compared to US tuition rates.

[14] Most immigrants are from neigh-bouring Malaysia, whether they are citizens or permanent residents. China is the only other major source of immigrants to the country.

3. Germany

[15] With a population now over 80 million and large scale immigration, it is practically a miracle that Germany has a murder rate that is lower than New Zealand, a laid back19laid back〈非正式〉放松的。island far from the turmoil20turmoil騷動；混亂。of Europe and the Americas.As for education, in the land that gave us Kindergarten21德國幼兒園以學費低廉、混齡教育、注重玩耍及習慣培養而聞名。, did you know that an increasing number of international students are heading to Germany to do their postsecondary studies? In English, not German. The public universities are tuitionfree and as a German professor told the BBC a few years ago, “I wonder whether a Chinese student can understand us better than someone with a Yorkshire22約克郡是英格蘭東北部的一個郡。accent or some strange American accent.”At private universities you will pay tuition rates closer to those in the USA.Unfortunately someone has to pay for free universities and public health care and in Germany the top marginal rate for personal taxes is 45%.

[16] The reputation of Germany has having a lot of Turks is true, Turks make up a gigantic23gigantic巨大的，龐大的。proportion of Ger-many’s foreign born population: over 1/4. Europe is the source for most of the other immigrants to Germany.

2. Australia

[17] Kangaroos! Koalas! Surfing!Plus one of the highest standards of living in the world, subsidized language lessons, employment support, and comprehensive health care services. All of that sunny beauty and optimism will cost you―Australia is one of the most expensive places to live in the world.

[18] Australia is a good if not perfect place to do business, coming in at number 11 in Transparency International’s rankings. Within Australia, along the coast in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, you will find the area with the highest crime rate. It’s Gold Coast24黃金海岸位于澳大利亞東部海岸中段，以金色沙灘而得名，是旅游勝地。territory that includes cities like Cairns, Hervey Bay, and Brisbane.

[19] The country’s universities is not cheap for international students. Undergrad programs can run up to US$25,000 a year in tuition fees. Like Germany,Australia has a top marginal tax rate of 45%. Australia’s national sport is arguably Australian Rules Football: Gaelic Football25愛爾蘭式足球，一種結合英式足球與橄欖球的混合體育項目。played with a Rugby ball on a converted Cricket Pitch with way to many goalposts.

[20] After all these years, the biggest source of Australia’s immigrants is still the United Kingdom and New Zealand.China, Italy and India are the only other countries to have contributed at least 200,000 immigrants to Australia’s current population.

1.Canada

[21] We might be a little biased, but we think Canada is the most immigration-friendly country in the world.We’ve got plenty of space, we’re already ethnically diverse (including two of the six most multicultural26multicultural多元文化的。cities on earth, Vancouver and Toronto), and we survived the global recession relatively unscathed27unscathed未受傷害的。. Yes, it can get pretty cold,and you’ll probably want to avoid rural areas at first, but Canada has great social services and a high standard of living.

[22] In terms of crime in major Canadian cities, Toronto is one of the safest in the country, behind Quebec City,Guelph, and Barrie only. As for national sports, Canada has two. One for winter:Ice Hockey to no one’s surprise. And one for summer: Lacrosse.

[23] China has eclipsed28eclipse使失色；使相形見絀。the UK as the source of Canada’s largest number of immigrants. The rest of Canada’s immigrants come from all over the world. ■

當你準備離開自己的祖國，到異國他鄉開始新的生活，卻又不清楚哪個目的地適合你時，不要僅僅往地圖上擲飛鏢或者單單跟著親戚走：先確定優先考慮的事項，再選出適合自己的國家。

7.挪威

[2]斯堪的納維亞是世界上最和平、穩定、安全（且寒冷）的地區，挪威也一直在平等、幸福和生活水平的各種排名中名列前茅。那里有峽灣，有酷酷的維京人遺產，有恢復性司法制度，有末日種子庫，還有秉持負責任原則進行投資的巨額石油財富。為跨境滑雪而來，為鯡魚留下！

[3]挪威在透明國際的榜單上名列175個國家中的第5位，并不出人意料。但稍稍有點令人驚訝的是該國謀殺率為10萬分之2.2，比新西蘭高出兩倍還多，也高于加拿大和澳大利亞。挪威皇家座右銘是“一切為了挪威”，他們似乎也無愧于這句話：免學費的優秀公立大學、日托服務、社會福利網，以及一個斯堪的納維亞王國所能提供的一切——這個王國擁有巨額主權財富基金，憑借海洋石油發展壯大。

[4]毋庸置疑，移民挪威的人大部分來自西歐和北歐，其中波蘭裔的最多。也有來自亞洲各國的移民，其中土耳其裔所占比重較大。

6.新西蘭

[5]如果你注重自然風光與悠閑的生活節奏，新西蘭將是一個極好的移民目的地。新西蘭毗鄰東南亞和太平洋諸島，且十分尊重深厚的毛利本土文化，這讓新西蘭成為了一個多元又友好的國家。如果你更喜歡大都市的喧囂，就別來了；但如果你已經準備慢下來，讓連綿群山和青蔥草木滌蕩你的心靈，那就來吧！

[6]從民主開放度和透明度上來說，這個島國與斯堪的納維亞國家不相上下。新西蘭在透明國際的排行榜上名列第2位，是全球謀殺率最低的國家之一，僅10萬分之0.9，比澳大利亞和加拿大還低。可惜的是，在大學階段國際學生的學費要遠遠高于本國學生。說到新西蘭的國民體育項目，全黑隊打的是英式橄欖球。新西蘭對這項運動的熱情大概無他國可比。

[7]可以料想，不列顛群島為新西蘭提供了超過三分之一的移民。日本和韓國是緊隨其后的兩個移民來源大國。還有相當一部分移民來自太平洋諸島和南非。

5.美國

[8]美國是世界上的頭號移民目的地。最近一項美國人口普查研究顯示，全球每年超過五分之一的移民都流向了美國。由此而來的一個問題就是競爭：躋身在眾多逐夢的奮斗者中，你可能會發現自己很難求得一個立足之地。盡管就業需求疲軟，移民改革停滯，但只要不試圖非法入境而且不去南部，美國對于工程師或者科技行業從業者來說仍不失為最棒的去處之一。

[9]美國的犯罪率確實比加拿大和澳大利亞等國家要高。至于美國哪座城市最安全？最新數據顯示，當屬得克薩斯州的普萊諾。關于教育有什么需要談一談的？美國學校多得讓人挑花眼，但對于學優生和學困生來說，情況可是天差地別。

[10]美國有異常復雜的稅收制度，你若想摸清門道，只得咨詢專家意見或是借助不錯的稅務軟件。現在個人所得稅的最高邊際稅率高達39.6%。在20世紀50年代中期，美國的座右銘從E Pluribus Unum（拉丁文，意為“合眾為一”）變成了“我們信仰上帝”。美國以前的國民休閑運動無疑是棒球。但這在過去幾十年間發生了變化，如今美式橄欖球已打敗棒球贏得這一殊榮。

[11]目前，移民美國的人大部分來自墨西哥：超過900萬的外裔美國人來自墨西哥，構成了美國移民的絕大多數。中國和菲律賓位列其后。印度和越南也各自提供了大約100萬移民。

4.新加坡

[12]這個強大的東南亞城市國家擁有開明的移民法律、近乎于零的失業率以及半數的外裔人口。新加坡的街道熱熱鬧鬧且以干凈聞名（還記得禁嚼口香糖和禁止隨地吐痰的法律嗎？），大街上，英語、漢語、馬來語和泰米爾語隨處可聞，這讓來自亞洲和印度的移民覺得分外親切。要知道新加坡挺小的，這個國家僅僅是馬來半島頂端一個700平方公里的大城市。但它也是目前亞洲最多元化的城市，其移民歷史長達幾個世紀。

[13]新加坡的謀殺率低得驚人，只有10萬分之0.2，比世界上其他任何地方都低得多。大學學費并不便宜，但相較于美國的學費還算合理。

[14]新加坡大部分移民都來自鄰國馬來西亞，一些成為了市民，另一些成為了常住居民。這個國家的主要移民來源國除馬來西亞外，便是中國了。

3.德國

[15]德國目前人口超過8000萬，擁有大規模的移民，其謀殺率卻低于新西蘭這個遠離歐洲和美洲塵囂的方外之島，堪稱奇跡。說到教育，你可知道，這片土地不僅提供優質的幼兒園教育，還吸引了越來越多的國際學生前來接受高等教育——還不是德文教育而是英文教育呢！德國公立大學是免學費的。前幾年，一位德國教授告訴BBC：“我想知道，相比理解約克郡口音或者某種怪異美國口音的人，中國學生是不是更能理解我們說的。”在私立大學，你交的學費接近美國的水準。不過，總要有人為免費的大學和公共醫療買單，德國個人所得稅的最高邊際稅率為45%。

[16]傳聞德國有很多土耳其人，那是真的。土耳其人占了德國外裔人口的很大部分，超過1/4。其余移民到德國的人中，來自歐洲的人占了大部分。

2.澳大利亞

[17]袋鼠！考拉！沖浪！再加上世界上最高的生活水準之一：有補貼的語言課程、就業支持和全面的醫療服務。你得有錢才能享受到所有那些陽光美景和舒暢心情——澳大利亞是世界上居住成本最高的地方之一。

[18]澳大利亞在透明國際的排行榜上名列第11位，就算稱不上完美，也是做生意的好地方。在澳大利亞境內，犯罪率最高的地區位于新南威爾士州北部和昆士蘭州南部之間的海岸線上——那就是包括凱恩斯、赫維灣和布里斯班等城市在內的黃金海岸領域。

[19]這個國家的大學對國際學生來說并不便宜。本科項目的學費可以高達每年2.5萬美元。澳大利亞的最高邊際稅率與德國一樣，為45%。其國民運動應該是澳式橄欖球：用蓋爾式足球的規則在一個加裝上了許許多多門柱的板球場里踢英式橄欖球。

[20]經過這么多年，澳大利亞最大的移民來源國依然是英國和新西蘭。中國、意大利和印度是其余幾個為澳大利亞現有人口貢獻了至少20萬移民的國家。

1.加拿大

[21]也許有點偏心，可我們認為加拿大是世界上最適合移民的國家。這里地廣人稀，種族多樣（世界上最具文化多元性的六個城市中的兩個都在加拿大——溫哥華和多倫多），我們以較小的損失挺過了全球經濟衰退。加拿大真的挺冷的，你大概首先就想排除移居鄉村，但加拿大有著優質的社會服務和較高的生活水平。

[22]就加拿大主要城市的犯罪而言，多倫多是這個國家最安全的地方之一，僅次于魁北克、圭爾夫和巴里。至于國民體育，加拿大有兩個：一個是眾望所歸的冬季項目冰球，另一個是夏季項目長曲棍球。

[23]移民到加拿大的人來自世界各地。中國已超過英國成為了加拿大最大的移民來源國。 □

Top 7 Immigration Friendly Countries

ByPat Spracklin