by Rich Preston
翻譯:法比仔
鴿子—倫敦的新一代環保斗士
by Rich Preston
翻譯:法比仔

環境問題現已成為全球越來越多人關注的焦點,而空氣更是我們人類及其他生物賴以生存的必需品。當空氣被污染,我們的生活環境又會變成什么樣子呢?正是在這個關鍵時刻,空中翱翔的鴿子搖身變成了人類信賴的環保斗士!想知道可愛的鴿子們是如何為環保做出貢獻的嗎?一起來看看吧!

1) dropping [dr?pI?】 n. 動物的糞便
2) cite [saIt】 v. 引述
3) release [rI'li?s】 v. 發布,釋放
4) pressure ['pre??】 v. 向……施加壓力
5) underway ['?nd?'weI】 adj. 正在進行中的
Pigeons in London have a bad reputation. Some people call them flying rats, and many blame them for causing pollution with their1)droppings. But now the birds are being used to fight another kind of pollution in this city of 8.5 million people.
“The problem for air pollution is that it’s been largely ignored as an issue for a long time,” says Andrea Lee. “People don’t realize how bad it is,and how it actually affects their health.”
“London’s poor air quality is linked to nearly 10,000 early deaths a year,” Lee says,2)citing a report3)released by the mayor last year. “If people were better informed about the pollution they’re breathing,” she says, “they could4)pressure the government to do something about it.”
On a windy hill in London’s Regent’s Park, an experiment is5)underway. It all began when Pierre Duquesnoy, the creative director for a marketing firm, won a London Design Festival contest last year to show how a world problem could be solved by using Twitter. Duquesnoy chose the problem of air pollution.
“6)Basically, I realized how important the problem was,”he says. “But also I realized that most of the people around me didn’t know anything about it.”
Duquesnoy says he wants to better measure pollution,while at the same time making the results7)accessible to the public.
“So,” he wonders, “how would we go across the city quickly to try to get as much data as possible?”
Drones are his first thought. But it’s illegal to fly them over London.
“But pigeons can fly above London, right?” he says.“Actually, they are Londoners as well. So, yeah, I thought about using pigeons.”
His next task is to8)link up with a pigeon racer and his9)flock. That’s when Brian Woodhouse came into the picture. He’s a member of the Royal Racing Pigeon Association. He’s kept pigeons for about 65 years.
Woodhouse has brought to the park a10)wicker cage holding seven of his racing pigeons. The birds will be fitted with pollution11)sensors and released in different parts of the city all week. The readings are analyzed to inform Londoners about their air quality.
Woodhouse says pigeons are perfect for the project.
“I liked the sound of it,” he says. “I thought it was an extremely good idea, knowing that the pigeons in the First World War and the Second World War used to fly with12)vital messages for our troops and allies.”
“Today, pigeons can continue to bring important information,” Woodhouse says.
He and Duquesnoy begin attaching tiny13)harnesses around the pigeons’ bodies. Each little14)backpack holds a pollution sensor weighing less than an15)ounce. The sensors measure16)carbon monoxide and other air pollutant levels.
“These little sensors17)track your18)exposure to19)nitrogen dioxide, to20)ozone, to these gases that affect your health,”says Romain Lacombe. “And that’s the technology we’re going to fly on the back of a pigeon through London today.”
Lacombe says his company has developed a mobile app that tracks pollution in about 300 cities, so that people can change their outdoor activities if the air is bad.
So it might be time for Londoners to have more respect for their pigeons. The birds may just be helping to21)improve the quality of the city’s air.

6) basically ['beIsIk?lI】 adv. 基本地,主要地
7) accessible [?k'sesIb?l】
adj. 容易取得的,容易接近的
8) link up with 與……銜接
9) flock [fl?k】 n. 畜群
10) wicker cage 柳條籠子
11) sensor ['sens?】 n. 傳感器,感測器
12) vital ['vaIt?l】 adj. 極為重要的,關系重大的
13) harness ['hɑ?nIs】 n. 挽具狀帶子
14) backpack ['b?kp?k】 n. 背包,背囊
15) ounce [auns】 n. 盎司
16) carbon monoxide 一氧化碳
17) track [tr?k】 v. 跟蹤,追蹤
18) exposure [Ik'sp?u??】 n. 暴露
19) nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮
20) ozone ['?uz?un】 n. 臭氧
21) improve [Im'pru?v】 v. 改善,改良

在倫敦,鴿子的名聲不太好。有些人稱它們為會飛的老鼠,也有很多人埋怨它們,因為它們的排泄物會造成污染。但現在,在這個有著850萬人口的城市里,鴿子正被用作對抗另一種污染的好幫手。
“長期以來,空氣污染的問題一直在于人們很大程度上并沒有把它當作問題,”安德烈婭·李說道。“人們沒有意識到空氣污染有多么嚴重,也沒意識到這實際上影響到了他們的健康。”
“在倫敦,每年有將近10,000人因惡劣的空氣質量而早逝,”李根據去年市長發布的一份報告說道。“如果人們能夠更清楚地了解他們呼吸著的空氣的污染情況,”她說,“他們就可以向政府施加壓力,要求政府采取應對措施。”
在倫敦攝政公園里一座風大的山上,有項實驗正在進行當中。就在一個銷售公司的創意總監皮埃爾·迪凱努瓦在去年的倫敦設計節中通過展示如何使用推特解決世界性問題贏得了比賽時,這個實驗便應運而生。他選擇的世界性問題正是空氣污染。
“基本上,我認識到了這個問題有多么重要,”他說。“但我同樣意識到我身邊的大多數人對此都一無所知。”
迪凱努瓦說他想要進一步監測空氣污染的情況,同時,他也要讓公眾能夠悉知這些結果。
“那么,”他想,“我們怎樣才能快速地穿過整個城市去獲取盡可能多的數據呢?”
他首先想到的是使用遙控飛機。然而,讓遙控飛機在倫敦上空飛行是違法的。
“但鴿子可以在倫敦上空飛行,對吧?”他說道。“實際上,它們也是倫敦市民。所以,對,我想利用鴿子。”
他的下一個任務則是把一位賽鴿手和他的鴿群聯系起來。這時布萊恩·伍德豪斯發揮了重要作用。他是皇家賽鴿協會的成員,養鴿約有65年了。
伍德豪斯將一個柳條籠子帶到了公園,籠子里有他養的七只賽鴿。這些鴿子會被安裝上污染感測器并在整個星期里被放飛在城市的不同區域。得出的數據在進行一番分析后便會被公布出來以告知倫敦市民當地的空氣質量。
伍德豪斯說鴿子是這個項目的不二選擇。
“我喜歡這個想法,”他說。“我覺得這是一個非常好的主意,要知道鴿子曾在第一次世界大戰和第二次世界大戰中為我們的軍隊和盟軍傳遞了重要訊息。”
“現在,鴿子能夠繼續為人們帶來重要的信息,”伍德豪斯說。
他和迪凱努瓦開始把小帶子綁在鴿子的身體上。每一個小背包里裝有一個不足一盎司(約28克)的污染感測器。每個感測器能測量出一氧化碳及其他空氣污染物的含量水平。
“這些小感測器能夠追蹤你身邊的二氧化氮、臭氧等影響你健康的氣體,”羅曼·拉康姆說。“我們如今將要放飛在倫敦上空的鴿子身上就攜帶了這一科技產品。”
拉康姆說他的公司已經研發出了一個手機軟件,能夠追蹤約300個城市的空氣污染情況。如果空氣質量過差的話,居民們可以調整一下他們的戶外活動安排。
因此,這也許是讓倫敦市民對鴿子致以更多敬意的時候了,因為鴿子們也能夠幫忙改善這座城市的空氣質量了。
Pigeons Are London’s Newest Pollution Fighters