The Research on the Social Equity in the field of Contemporary Chinese Education

Chaofan Wan

Abstract：Social Equity is the permanent theme and pursuit of human society， in the meantime， it is the inherent requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During the period of Eighteen National Congress of the Communist Party of China， our nation refers to this term”Social Equity” time and again. Now， researching on the Social Equity in the field of Contemporary Chinese Education has certain theoretical and realistic meanings.

Key words： Social Equity ； Education ； A Theory of Justice

1 John Rawls Theory of Justice

John Rawls is a famous contemporary American political scientist.His Theory of Justice mainly discussed under the precondition of priority to guarantee citizens basic freedoms， how to make all kinds of social resources allocation to achieve equality and grant Thornton as much as possible.

John Rawls Advocated Education Opportunity Equality Principle， Difference Principle and Compensation Principle.He proposed that Education Opportunity Equality Principle for the purpose of providing equal chance to receive education was the first basic principle of education.

Secondly， face individual differences and pay attention to the matching principle.Under the condition of guaranteeing “the least beneficiaries obtain the best interests “，it admit and allow the higher talent to access to development which is suitable for his ability.At the same time， through certain redistribution program， it devotes to changing the inequality that the children of disadvantaged groups or” the least beneficiaries “ possess education resources.

In addition，establishing the education compensation principle of vulnerable groups.Through doing moderate “education compensation “to the vulnerable groups， it restrict the natural endowment dominants. Accordingly，it realize fair distribution in education resources.

2 The social inequity phenomenon in the field of education.

2.1 The regional difference

In our country，there is a large gap for the central reigon and western region in the educational development level compared with the eastern region.From elementary school， junior high school to high school， the district difference of the gap is appeared not only in the college entrance examination scores， but also it is appeared in the difference of students quality education.the gap will directly affect the students to continue to study in college and affect students work ability after graduation.

2.2 The stratum difference

Some scholars had pointed out that some reform measures sacfrice poor students opportunities of receiving education.The reform of education system closes Chinese fair competition mechanism which is be known as “Huashan has only a way since ancient times” in higher education. It open the green light for the rich in receiving the higher education，in the meantime， it will have to close the door which should has been opened for the poor.Studies have shown that there are about 25% of the poor students in the ordinary university students in the country.

2.3 The differences between urban and rural areas

The education gap between the urban and rural areas is reflected in many ways， which mainly reflects in： Firstly， the enrollment rate is relatively low in rural primary and secondary school；Secondly， the dropout rate and turnover rate of student are high in the countryside，and the dropout rate of the junior high schools students has risen in the country；Thirdly，rural compulsory education funds is inadequate，and the area of dangerous classroom is large.

3 The Inspiration to education equity in China，according to John Rawls Theory of Justice

3.1 Developing economy for the rural and the central and western regions

Economic base determines the superstructure. Reflected by the regional differences， the stratum difference and the urban-rural differences in the field of education in China， the most fundamental reason is that the rural areas and the Midwest are short of economic power.Therefore，we should vigorously develop economy of the rural and the Midwest .

3.2 Firmly Implementing the compulsory education policy of our country

John Rawls proposed that “to achieve a specified level of free education”， “for the different social background of children the opportunity to enter the same school”.To some extent， John Rawls claims are in conformity with the value orientation of balanced development of compulsory education in our country.In the compulsory education stage， we can implement the difference just in order to make sure the legitimate rights and interests of citizens.

3.3 Increasing the intensity of education funds compensation

On the investment and use of funds for education， we should take measures to increase the intensity of compensation for the weak areas.whats more，we should do whatever we can gradually narrow the education gap between the different regions and different classes. In a word ，we should ensure equal education rights and interests for the child.

3.4 Improving and Perfecting social assistance system for the vulnerable groups.

On the one hand， we should further perfect the system of school grants， scholarships and loans to solve the poverty students real life difficulties；On the other hand， we should take various forms of charity to donate money to the student who belongs to the vulnerable groups.On the whole ，we must assure that most students dont drop out of school due to poverty and complete their studies successfully .

3.5 Strengthening the supporting force in the basic farmland ，teachers and other educational condition to the rural areas and the Midwest

For one thing，the government must go a step further to help the poverty-stricken areas to develop the education career by means of human，material and financial resources.Secondly，the government should promote the outstanding teachers to transfer from eastern developed regions to the rural and the Midwest to improve education quality of the developing regions through the way of providing favorable policies.In addition，the government should take pains to eliminate the existing influence that the poor receive unfair education and narrow the regions differences .

References

[1]Zheng Gongcheng.China social justice situation analysis.China Peoples University Press， 2009， （2） （in chinese）

[2]John rawls.A theory of Justice [M].The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press （Revised Edition）， 1999；