文/仲維芒
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動詞短語考·查·熱·點·例·析·
文/仲維芒
責任編輯:李丁文

動詞短語考點常以單項選擇、完形填空、完成句子等題型作為載體,主要針對部分常用的動詞短語進行考查。本文主要分析如何做好動詞短語的辨析題。動詞短語的考查形式主要有以下四種。
【中考真題1】(2015年海南卷)No matter how hard it is,don’t____.Things will be better in the future.
A.give outB.give upC.give away
解析:四個短語中的動詞都是give。句意為:“不管有多么困難,都不要……”。據此可以推斷,空格處應該選give up表示“放棄”。give out意為“分發;公布;停止運行”,give away表示“贈送”,均與句意不符。答案選B。
【中考真題2】(2015年永州卷)We should learn to____ourselves in life.
A.look atB.look forC.look after
解析:四個短語中的動詞都是look。look after ourse lves表示“照顧我們自己”,look at意為“看”,look for意思是“尋找”,根據語境和句意,應該選C。
【中考真題3】(2015年淮安卷)Steven,go to bed now.You should____before six tomorrow,or you’ll miss the plane.
A.get o ffB.get upC.get onD.get a long
解析:四個短語中的動詞都是get。句意為:“你應該在明天6點之前起床,否則將錯過飛機”。get along表示“相處”,get off“下車”,get on“上車”均不合句意,因此應該選B,get up意思是“起床”。
【中考真題4】(2015年河南卷)____a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.
A.Try onB.Get onC.Turn onD.Put on
解析:不同的動詞與介詞on搭配,意思都不同。try on意為“試穿”,get on表示“上車”,turn on意為“打開”,put on意為“穿上”。上題的句意是:“必要的時候打開燈,你將把光明帶給別人和你自己”。答案選C。
【中考真題5】(2015年荊州卷)—The group of boys and girls____to study in college this morning,full of nice dreams.
—I believe their dreams can come true one day.
A.set offB.fell o ffC.put offD.kept off
解析:四個不同的動詞與介詞off搭配,識記并辨析其詞義有難度。fell off意思是“跌倒”,put o ff意為“延期;敷衍;使分心;脫去(衣、帽等)”,kep to ff的意思是“不接近;禁食;沒有下(雨、雪等);避開某一話題”,set off意為“出發”。句意是:“今天早晨一群孩子帶著美好的夢想進入大學學習。”“我相信他們有一天能夠夢想成真。”答案選A。
【中考真題6】(2015年河北卷)President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to all the food each meal.
A.eat upB.use upC.p ick upD.cut up
解析:空格后是all the food each meal(每餐所有的飯菜),稍加聯想就可知這與“光盤行動”有關,eat up表示“吃光”。use up意思是“用光;用完”,pick up意思是“挑選;拾起”,cut up表示“切碎”,均不合語境。答案選A。
【中考真題7】(2015年麗水卷)The great writer has written many stories for child ren. It is said that a new one willat the end of this month.
A.go outB.come outC.look outD.run out
解析:go out意為“出去”,come out意為“出來;出版”,look out意為“當心”,run out意為“用完;結束”。該題句意為:“據說一本新書將于本月底出版。”答案選B。
【中考真題8】(2015年荊州卷)His leg is seriously injured in the accident.____a doc tor at once.
A.Ask forB.Send forC.Wait forD.Look for
解析:ask for的意思是“尋求;詢問”,send for意為“派人去請”,wait for意思是“等候;等待”,look for表示“尋找”。句意為:“他的腿在事故中嚴重受傷。立刻派人去請醫生。”根據題意,答案為B。
【中考真題9】(2014年哈爾濱卷)On June 11th,2013,Shenzhou-10 carrying threeastronauts____into space from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.
A.sent upB.are sent upC.was sent up
解析:考查一般過去時的被動語態結構。由On June 11 th,2013可知,該句應該用一般過去時態,排除B;主語Shenzhou-10與謂語動詞sent up之間為被動關系,應該用被動語態,答案選C。
【中考真題10】(2015年泰州卷)Their happiness only lasted for a while,for the warsoon a fter they go tmarried.
A.break outB.was broken outC.is broken outD.broke out
解析:break out的意思是“爆發;發生”。漢語中我們可以說“爆發戰爭”或“戰爭爆發”,但英語中只能說the war broke out(戰爭爆發)。換句話說,break out表示“爆發;發生”時不可用被動形式。句意是:“他們的幸福是短暫的,因為他們婚后不久就爆發了戰爭。”答案選D。
【中考真題11】(2015年黑龍江卷)—My aunt goes to climb mountains every Sunday.
—Oh?But she____hate c limbing mountains.
A.used toB.was used toC.is used to
解析:used to do表示“過去常常做某事,而現在往往不做了”;be used to doing表示“習慣于做某事”;be used to do表示“……被用來做某事”。該題句意為:“我的阿姨每個星期日都去爬山。”“哦?但她過去很討厭爬山。”根據句意,答案選A。
辨析多重動詞短語的關鍵在于依據動詞的基本意思,結合介詞的含義,判斷動詞短語的表面意義或引申意義,然后按照題干出現的語境,再結合選項進行選擇。
1.動詞+副詞+介詞。常見的有go on with,catch up with等。這類動詞短語的賓語只能放在介詞后面。如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest,he went on with his research work.
2.動詞+名詞+介詞。常見的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to, make fun of等。這類動詞短語的賓語只能放在介詞后面。
【中考真題12】(2015年河南卷)Jane is very busy these days,for she has a lot of problems to____.
A.deal withB.keep up withC.ag ree withD.come up with
解析:句意為:“簡這些天非常忙,因為她有很多問題要處理。”keep up with意為“緊跟;跟上;不落人之后;齊肩并進”;agree with表示“同意”;come up with意思是“想出;提出;追趕上;設法拿出”。根據題意,答案選A。
【中考真題13】(2014年山西卷)A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life.It is important for students to learn how to____each other.
A.get on withB.come over toC.stay away from
解析:該題題意為:“復旦大學的一名學生僅僅因為日常生活的一點小事被他的室友殺害了。學生學會如何彼此相處很重要。”get on with意思是“相處”;come over to意思是“從遠方(或克服障礙后)過來”;stay away from意為“躲避;離……遠點”。根據題意,選A。
1.(2015年蘭州卷)He ate a lot and did little exercise,so he____10 pounds.
A.put onB.put awayC.put outD.put off
2.(2015年蘭州卷)This place____a factory but now it is a park.
A.used to beingB.used to beC.is used toD.using to be
3.(2015年荊門卷)—Tom,w hat’s wrong with you?You look tired.
—Oh,I____late to watch a football game last night.I slept for only two hours.
A.gave upB.looked upC.set upD.stayed up
4.(2015年宿遷卷)UNICEF w as____in 1946 to im prove child ren’s lives after World War II.
A.given upB.put upC.se t upD.got up
5.(2015年青島卷)They heard the party was____because of the exam.
A.put onB.put upC.put offD.put down
6.(2015年青島卷)—My cousin has a sore throat.
—She’d better____.
A.drink water with honeyB.see a dentist
C.take a showerD.get an x-ray
7.(2015年黃岡卷)—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home?
—You’re supposed to____a study group to help them.
A.take upB.fix upC.set upD.stay up
8.(2015年無錫卷)The governments should____the use of new type of energy to make a greener world.
A.push inB.push forC.put outD.put up
9.(2015年黑河卷)Don’t fo rget to____the lights before you leave the classroom.
A.turn offB.turn dow nC.turn up
10.(2015年浙江卷)Scientists are trying their best to____ways to treat the terrib le disease called H7N9.
A.come up withB.look fo rw ard toC.talk aboutD.give up
Key:1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.C8.A9.A10.A