周述發(fā)



【摘 要】地震災(zāi)損恢復(fù)重建是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,時(shí)間緊迫、任務(wù)艱巨,既涉及到安全可靠又關(guān)系到經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。本文在充分借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)最新頒發(fā)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)定,從資金籌措與融資創(chuàng)新、震損評(píng)估與分類治理、科學(xué)選址與“概念設(shè)計(jì)”等方面對(duì)其安全可靠性與經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性進(jìn)行了論述。
【關(guān)鍵詞】地震; 災(zāi)損; 恢復(fù)重建; 可靠性; 效益
Abstract:That the reconstruct and renew of disastrous damage by the earthquake is a complicated systematic project. Its time is urgent and task is arduous. The project concerned with not only safety and dependability, but also economization and rationalization. This thesis analyse the contents on the basis of correlative experience of domestic and external, according to the standards of national which are enacted recently.It discuss the safety, dependability, economization and rationalization from the aspects of the finance with innovate on it, the disastrous damage appraisal, assort administration, choosing the site scientical and the “Concept Design” etc.
Key word:earthquake, reconstruct after disaster, dependability, effect
“5·12”汶川大地震已造成了巨大的人員傷亡與財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,盡管其全部經(jīng)濟(jì)損失尚未最終確定,但初步估算直接損失超過5000億元。目前,一場(chǎng)舉全國(guó)之力的恢復(fù)重建工作正在災(zāi)區(qū)大規(guī)模展開。災(zāi)損恢復(fù)重建迫切需要解決哪些主要問題?如何讓我們的房屋建筑更加堅(jiān)固可靠?如何讓災(zāi)損恢復(fù)重建既技術(shù)適用又經(jīng)濟(jì)合理?
1.分類治理統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃,提高建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠度
1.1分類治理震損建筑,加固修復(fù)與重建并重
對(duì)于災(zāi)損恢復(fù)重建,首先要進(jìn)行科學(xué)的評(píng)估、客觀地鑒定,恢復(fù)重建并不等于全部推倒重來,對(duì)待震損房屋,要綜合考慮其破壞程度、已投入使用的年限、加固所需成本等因素,在保證結(jié)構(gòu)安全的前提下,盡可能進(jìn)行加固修復(fù),避免大量拆除再重建造成浪費(fèi)。為此,應(yīng)在對(duì)震損房屋安全性鑒定評(píng)估的基礎(chǔ)上分類,采取相應(yīng)的方案。比如有些框架結(jié)構(gòu)的填充墻雖遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,甚至倒塌,但框架節(jié)點(diǎn)沒有受損,這樣的建筑絕不能簡(jiǎn)單地推倒重來,而應(yīng)該進(jìn)行加固修復(fù);有些底層框架柱節(jié)點(diǎn)受損,而上幾層結(jié)構(gòu)體系完好的建筑,也應(yīng)該進(jìn)行加固。……