李程瑤
摘 要:錦州市水資源嚴重不足,人均占有水資源量454m3,約為全省人均占有水資源量一半多一點,不足全國人均占有量的五分之一,屬國際上認定的嚴重貧水區(qū),水資源供需矛盾十分突出。長期以來,由于節(jié)水意識淡薄,用水管理粗放、用水浪費現(xiàn)象比較嚴重。農(nóng)田大水漫灌現(xiàn)象仍然存在,渠系灌溉水損失很大,有效供水率低。因此做好農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水,研究農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水技術就顯得很重要。我市農(nóng)業(yè)缺水的問題在很大程度上要依靠節(jié)水予以解決,加強對我市節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)技術的研究,以科技創(chuàng)新促進生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,建立與完善適合我市的現(xiàn)代節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)技術體系,將成為促進我市節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略舉措之一。這里主要探討錦州市目前節(jié)水技術的發(fā)展趨勢。
關鍵詞:農(nóng)業(yè);節(jié)水; 技術分析
Abstract: Jinzhou city is serious shortage of water resources, per capita water resources quantity 454m3, about the per capita share of water resources is a little more than half, less than the national average amount per capita 1/5, is internationally recognized the serious deficient water, the water resources supply and demand contradiction is very outstanding. Long-term since, the water-saving consciousness, extensive of the management that use water, water waste a phenomenon more serious. Farmland flood flooding phenomenon still exists, canal irrigation water loss is large, effective supply rate is low. So the research on water-saving agriculture, water-saving agricultural technology becomes very important. Our city agriculture the problem of water shortage relies heavily on water saving to resolve, to strengthen our city water-saving agriculture technology research, technology and innovation promote the development of productive forces, establish and perfect for our city modern water-saving agriculture technology system, will be the promotion of sustainable development of water saving agriculture in our city one of major strategy act. We mainly discuss the current Jinzhou water-saving technology development trend.
Key words: Agricultural Water-saving Technique
1.農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水技術基本情況
在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實踐中,把提高灌溉水的利用率、單方水的利用效率、水資源再生利用率作為研究重點和主要目標。在研究節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)基礎理論基礎上,提升節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)技術的高科技含量,建立適合我市的節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)技術體系,加快由傳統(tǒng)的粗放農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代化的精準農(nóng)業(yè)轉型的進程。
1.1節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)技術的應用可大致分布在四個基本環(huán)節(jié)中:
一是減少灌溉渠系(管道)輸水過程中的水量蒸發(fā)與滲漏損失,提高農(nóng)田灌溉水的利用率;二是減少田間灌溉過程中的水分深層滲漏和地表流失,在改善灌水質量的同時減少單位灌溉面積的用水量;……