褐煤提質廢物制備高端節能環保材料關鍵技術與示范

褚臘林 劉麗麗 王景峰 張文平 湯潔

摘 要：本課題以褐煤提質技術、提質廢物及燃煤粉煤灰為研究對象，針對褐煤含水和灰分高、提質固廢利用率低及粉煤灰綜合利用率低，廢渣中含有諸如腐植酸、燃料元素等高質成份等問題，開展褐煤提質、提質廢渣及粉煤灰的綜合利用研究。上一年度進行了褐煤提質新工藝以及產品性能檢測等研究工作，并完成了長春國傳能源科技開發有限公司年產50萬噸/年提質褐煤項目的選址、備案及環境影響評價等項目前期工作的基礎上，本年度完成了50萬噸/年洗選蒸脫法褐煤提質生產線的設計與設備的安裝和調試工作，其中關鍵設備高壓蒸脫槽及與之配套的三項（二次蒸汽、物料煤、灰水）分離器、疏水罐等的設計和制造工作已近完成，并完成了四套高壓蒸脫器及配套裝置的制造、安裝與調試工作；到目前為止已生產出了提質褐煤產品5萬噸；此外，對于褐煤提質廢物粉煤灰的研究也取得了較好進展。上一年度完成了粉煤灰熔體基礎物性分析工作，以及粉煤灰制備纖維復合外墻和多孔外墻保溫材料的工藝和影響因素的研究工作。本年度對粉煤灰制備纖維復合外墻的最優生產工藝進行了更為深入的研究，并完成了10萬立方米纖維復合外墻保溫材料示范線的建設、設備選型和調試等工作，并進行了部分產品的試生產；對于5萬立方米多孔外墻保溫材料的示范線工程已經完成建設工作，現正進行設備的選型和部分制造工作。此外，對于纖維產品進行了熱學性能以及基礎物性的分析和測試研究，同時，對于新型輕質墻板保溫材料的制備工藝和產品系能進行了系統的研究，取得了性能良好的輕質保溫材料產品。截止到目前為止，本課題總計申請國家發明專利2項，獲得國家授權發明專利5項，發表文章4篇，其中，本年度獲得國家授權發明專利2項，發表文章3篇，通過本課題的研究可以為褐煤提質廢渣及粉煤灰高值利用、為我國褐煤資源豐富但水資源貧乏的蒙東地區工牧業用水提供新的途徑，課題研究屬于典型的能源廢物高值化利用項目.

關鍵詞：褐煤提質；固廢；粉煤灰；示范工程；洗選蒸脫法

Abstract：This project takes the technology of the lignite grading， the utilization of its waste and coal ash as the research object. Because the lignite is rich in water， with high ash， and the lower utilization of its waste and coal ash， the research is mainly focus on the process of lignite grading， and the efficient and comprehensive utilization of its waste and coal ash， In the past year， the new process of the lignite grading and the capacity of the production were investigated. The site selection， register and environmental impact assessment for the 50 Million tons / year demonstration project were finished. In this year， the design of the demonstration project and the installation and debugging of the key devices were already done， especially the design and manufacture of the high pressure steam bath， the three-phase separator and the water jar almost finished and the manufacture， installation and debugging of four sets high pressure steam bathes had been done. For the moment， 5 tones production have been produced by the demonstration project. The basic properties of coal ash， the preparation of fiber-composite materials and porous material have been investigated. In this year， we continued to study the finest productive technology and construct the demonstration project of 100 thousand cubic meters fiber composite materials and 50 thousand cubic meters porous materials. Otherwise， we are going to study the thermal properties and the basic performance and the relative measurements of the fiber materials. For the new light thermal insulating materials， we need to investigate the preparation technology and the performance of the production. Finally， we intend to obtain the materials with good properties. For the present， we have applied for 2 national invention patents and obtained 5 authorizations of national invention patents and 4 published articles. Through the study of this project， we want to offer new utility method for the lignite and coal ash.

Key words：Lignite grading； Waste； Coal ash； Demonstration project； Washing and separated method

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