冶金礦渣鉛鋅鐵鎳及稀貴金屬回收利用研究及示范

孫炳泉 李克慶 楊慧芬 高春慶 吳霞

摘 要：本課題針對冶金礦渣多元素共生且復雜難選的特點，通過自主創新和技術集成，開發出高效新工藝、新藥劑、新設備，解決其鉛鋅鐵鎳和稀貴金屬等有價元素回收率低、精礦中雜質含量高等技術難題。對該冶金礦渣進行了五個專題的詳細試驗研究：（1）冶金礦渣工藝礦物學研究方面，對原渣、中間產品以及最終產品的物相和形態進行了深入研究，明確了不同礦渣試驗前后的變化和差異，并對后續的試驗進行很好的理論指導；（2）高爐瓦斯灰泥方面，通過還原焙燒、鉛鋅揮發、階段磨礦、磁選選鐵、濕法分離鉛鋅工藝，獲得了品位為65.18%，回收率為76.06%且鉛、鋅分別為0.176%和0.078%的鐵精礦和品位為79.54%回收率為94.99%的ZnO產品以及品位為33.56%，回收率為94.86%的的粗鉛產品，各項指標達到任務書中規定的指標；（3）黃鐵礦燒渣方面，對黃鐵礦燒渣進行了工藝礦物學、氰化浸金、吸附、鋅粉置換、選鐵等試驗研究，得出了最佳工藝條件。最佳條件下，可獲得金浸出率在78%左右；碳吸附率可達到97-99%，金的置換率可達到99%以上。原渣細篩—重選—磨礦—重選—脫泥—浮選流程，當獲得精礦鐵品位為62.02%時鐵回收率為63.98%，當精礦鐵品位為61.67%時鐵回收率為70.20%。（4）鎳銅冶煉渣方面，通過實驗室試驗研究，形成了鎳渣深度還原—磁選提鐵技術。在優化的最佳條件下所得鐵精礦鐵品位為92.07%，鐵回收率為90.45%，鎳回收率為62.69%。（5）鉛渣方面，在實驗室條件下，對三種類型的鉛渣進行了工藝礦物學、還原焙燒條件對鉛渣中鉛、鋅、銻揮發的影響研究，得出了最佳的揮發工藝條件。第一種鉛渣Zn、Sb、Pb 分別為4.35%、1.78%和0.739%，在最佳條件下，Pb、Zn、Sb的揮發率分別達到90.20%、92.78%和71.32%。第二種鉛渣Zn、Sb、Pb 分別為4.44%、3.32%和3.71%，在最佳條件下，Pb、Zn、Sb的揮發率分別達到97.39%、99.59%和53.08%。

關鍵詞：瓦斯灰泥、黃鐵礦燒渣、鎳銅冶煉渣、鉛渣、濕法冶金、火法冶金、選礦

Abstract：Based on the characteristics of multielement intergrowth in metall-urgy slag and hard to separate，this research aims to develop new process technology，reagent and equipment， to solve technology problem of low recovery of valuable element such as lead，zinc，iron and nickel and high impurity content in concentrate through self-dependent innovation and technology integration.Detailed research are performed on five topics：（1） phase and form of raw slag，middle and final products are researched for mineralogy.Variation and difference for different slag before and after test are clear and give a good direction to subsequent test.（2） An iron concentrate grading of 65.18%，recovery of 76.06%，zinc and lead content of 0.176% and 0.078% is obtained， ZnO concentrate grading of 79.54%，recovery of 94.99%， lead bullion grade of 33.56% ，recovery of 94.86%，.All the index achieved the goal. （3） Studied on process mineralogy of pyrites slag， cyanide leaching of gold， adsorption， zinc dust precipition， iron reco-very experimental， the optimum process conditions are obtained.Under the best condition， gold leaching rate can be obtained about 78%；the adsorp-tion rate of carbon can reach 97-99% and gold displacement rate can reach more than 99%.Original slag fine screen - re-election - grinding - re-election- desliming- flotation process， when iron concentrate grade of 62.02%，iron recovery rate is 63.98%， or the iron concentrate grade of 61.67%，iron recovery rate was 70.20%. （4）Technology of deep reduction for nickel slag-iron concentration is formed in lab test.Under the optimized condition，the final iron concentrate grade is 92.07%， recovery is 90.45%， recovery of nickel is 62.69%.（5）Process mineralogy and effect of reducing roasting condition on volatilization of lead，zinc，stibium are researched for three type of lead slag in lab.The best volatilization condition is obtained.The content of zinc，stibium and lead in first lead slag is separately 4.35%，1.78% and 0.739%.Uneder the best condition，the volatilization rate are separately 90.20%，92.78% and 71.32%. The content of zinc，stibium and lead in second lead slag is separately 4.44%，3.32% and 3.71%.Uneder the best condition，the volatilization rate are separa-tely 97.39%，99.59% and 53.08%.

Key words：bag filters dust（sludge），pyrite cinder， nickel and copper smelt slag，lead slag，hydrometallurgy，thermommetallurgy， beneficiation

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