植物抗病機理研究最終報告

摘 要：該研究旨在重點闡明植物免疫的信號通路及植物對微生物的抗病機理，同時解析病原微生物致病蛋白的生化功能與作用機理。通過建立健全遺傳篩選體系和高效快速的圖位克隆技術平臺，發現一大批在植物和病原微生物相互作用的動態過程中發揮重要功能的新基因，包括SNC1、DND1、DND2和MOS14等；運用生物化學、細胞生物學以及結構生物學相關體系的分析方法，闡釋了這一系列基因的分子生物學及個體水平的功能；在此基礎上，通過生物信息學和系統生物學把這一系列結點有機地結合起來，最終構成一張反映植物和病原微生物相互作用全貌的網絡。現在為止，周儉民研究組與海南大學何朝祖研究組合作，利用Xcc和擬南芥互作模式系統闡述了黃單胞菌效應蛋白AvrAC的作用機理，揭示了AvrAC獨特的生化功能和分子機制。周儉民研究組與柴繼杰研究組合作發現了幾丁質激活免疫受體CERK1的機理，該項研究為理解植物免疫調控及其它受體激酶的作用方式提供了一個寶貴的模型。張躍林研究組在組成型抗病的擬南芥突變體背景下進行抑制子篩選，找到許多與植物免疫反應相關的重要元件，包括SNC1、DND1、DND2、MOS14等，闡述了這些蛋白在植物免疫反應中的作用機理。柴繼杰研究組對植物BRI1受體識別油菜素內酯晶體結構進行了分析，揭示了一種存在于細胞膜上全新的識別甾類激素的結構域。綜上所述，3個研究組通過合作或獨自研究，闡明了植物免疫的信號通路及植物對微生物的抗病機理，解析了病原微生物致病蛋白的生化功能與作用機理。

關鍵詞：病原微生物 抑制子篩選 幾丁質 甾類激素

Study on the Mechanism of Plant Defense Resistance

Zhou Jianmin

（Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology， Chinese Academy of Science）

Abstract：The project aims to reveal the signal transduction pathway of plant immunity and the anti-microbial mechanism of plant， analyze the bio-function of virulence proteins of pathogen. Based on the establishment of an effective genetic screening system and develop of efficient map-based cloning technology， amount of new genes which play important role in the dynamic interplay between plants and pathogens are found， including SNC1、DND1、DND2、MOS14. The molecular biology function of these genes is characterized through biochemistry， cell biology and structural biology analysis method. Each sole biology events is integrated by bioinformatics and systems biology， which reflects the network of plants and pathogens interaction. So far， A joined team led by Professor Jian-Min Zhou of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology， CAS and Professor Zhaozu He from Hainan University reveal the unique biochemical function of effector AvrAC from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris （Xcc） and illustrate the molecular mechanism by which the Xcc bacterium combats the plant innate immune system. A joined group led by Professor Jian-Min Zhou of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology， CAS and Professor Jijie Chai of Tsinghua University discovered the mechanism by which the receptor CERK1 is activated by chitin. This work provides great insights into plant immunity and the mechanism of other receptor kinase. The team led by Professor Yuelin Zhang set up a genetic screen system to find the suppressor of a constitutively active defense response mutants snc1 and get amount of important components of plant immunity， including SNC1、DND1、DND2、MOS14. The biology function of these genes in plant immunity is well characterized. The group led by Professor Jijie Chai of Tsinghua University present the crystal structure of BRI1 in free and brassinolide-bound forms， which reveals a new membrane domain binding steroidal hormone. In conclusion， the research of these three group elucidate the signal transduction pathway of plant immunity and the anti-microbial mechanism of plant， reveal the biochemical function and molecular mechanism of virulence proteins of pathogen.

Key Words：Pathogenic microbes； Suppressor screening； Chitin； Steroid hormone

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