掌握構詞規律，做好語法填空

李建飛

一、真題再現

1.（2015全國新課標卷I）Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it __________ （regular） arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

2.（2015全國新課標卷II）In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_______（able）to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.

3.（2015全國新課標卷II） Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __________ （ slow） during cool nights， thus warming the house.

4.（2015全國新課標卷II） As __________ （nature） architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

5. （2014全國新課標卷I）The river was so polluted that it __________（actual）caught fire and burned.

6.（2014全國新課標卷I）Just be __________ （patience）.

7.（2014全國新課標卷II） Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done， and the crowd of strangers __________ （sudden） became friendly to one another.

8.（2014遼寧卷） Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches， naturally and __________ （soft）.

9.（2014遼寧卷） My legs become __________ （pain）.

10.（2015廣東卷） __________ （lucky），he had a cow which produced milk every day.

11.（2014廣東卷） She was _________ （surprise） helpful.

12.（2013廣東卷） “That would be a very__________ （reason）thing to do in a big city， but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.

13.（2013廣東卷）“But such a small thing couldnt __________ （possible） destroy a village.”

14.（2011廣東卷） He must be__________ （mental） disabled.

15.（2010廣東卷） His teacher took a deep drink， smiled __________ （warm）， and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.

16.（2009廣東卷） But Jane knew from past experience that her__________ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

17.（2008廣東卷） This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their__________ （nature） course.

18.（2007廣東卷） We drank together and talked_________ （merry）till far into the night.

19.（2014全國新課標卷II）There were many people waiting at the bus stop and some of them looked and __________ （disappoint）.

20.（2014全國新課標卷I） While there are 68 （amaze） stories of instant transformation， for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work， like cleaning up a polluted river.

21.（2014廣東卷） We got a little_____（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.

22.（2012廣東卷） Mary felt ___________ （please），because there were many empty seats in the room.

參考答案：1. regularly 2. ability 3. slowly 4. natural 5. actually 6. patient 7. suddenly 8. softly 9. painful 10. luckily 11. Surprisingly 12. reasonable 13. possibly 14. mentally 15. warmly 16. choice 17. natural 18. merrily 19. disappointed 20. amazing 21. sunburnt/sunburned 22. pleased

二、規律小結

我們知道，英語里的構詞法主要有三種：轉化、派生和合成。

仔細觀察以上例句，我們不難發現，高考語法填空對于構詞法的考查幾乎年年出現，而考點主要集中在派生詞并且是派生詞的后綴上。主要有以下規律：

1. 形容詞加后綴-ly轉換成副詞。如，第1，3，5，7，8，

10，13，14，15，18。此外，筆者認為11題的surprisingly 也可以歸入形容詞+-ly變成副詞這一類。

2. 形容詞轉換成名詞。如第2題。

3. 動詞轉換成名詞。如第16題。

4. 名詞轉換成形容詞。如第4，6，9，12，17題。

5. 動詞轉換成分詞形容詞。如第19，20，21，22題。

上述5種情況可歸結為3種：轉換成副詞、轉換成名詞、轉換成形容詞，轉換的原因是：

1. 修飾動詞、形容詞或放在句首修飾全句作狀語，用副詞。

2. 作主語、賓語或者在形容詞性物主代詞后要用名詞。

3. 作表語、定語、補語要用形容詞。

三、原創練習 在空格處填入所給詞的正確形式。

Today Candace was on her own for the first time to work. At 5：30， she went inside her fathers 1 （convenient） shop.

She got everything ready and at 6：00 she got behind the counter. By 10：00， the store was 2 （real） busy. Several people were waiting in line in front of the counter. Suddenly， a young woman in 3 （fashion） clothes pushed past the line and loudly asked Candace to pack the things up for her right away. When Candace 4 （polite） asked her to wait in line， she refused. Candace was 5 （worry）. Several thoughts raced through her head. Why should she reward the womans bad 6 （behave）.If so， that would be 7 （fair） to the other customes.

Just then， the woman said 8 （angry）， “You obviously dont know who I am. I am the owners daughter！Wait on me immediately！”

Candace stared at her and replied.“Thats 9 （interest）！ So am I！ And my dad should be here any minute！”

At this， the woman headed quickly for the door and 10

（appear）.

參考答案：1.convenience 2. really 3. fashionable 4. politely 5. worried 6. behavior 7. unfair 8. angrily 9. interesting 10. disappeared

責任編輯 蔣小青