紀樂佳
在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據上下文填寫空白處所需的內容(1個單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式。
從近兩年的高考全國新課標卷來看,這10個空格,是“7+3”組合,即7空后給出了單詞的基本形式,3空沒有給任何提示詞,即純空格類題。
一、考點歸納
純空格題有以下六個考點:
考點1:從句連詞
[例1 ] Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. (2015 全國I卷)
解析:分析句子結構可知,空格處應填引導定語從句的關系代詞,先行詞是the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,故填which/that。
考點2:并列連詞
[例2 ] But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. (2014 全國I卷)
解析:因前有“a few days”,后有“even a few months”,應填表示“或者,甚至”的or。
考點3:介詞
[例3 ]... its only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. (2015 全國I卷)
解析:句意為“從桂林坐車到此僅用一小時。”表示“乘車”應是by car,故填by。
[例4] When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; 67 the same time, they warm up again for the night. (2015 全國II卷)
解析:因at the same time是固定搭配,故填at。
考點4:冠詞
[例5] Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. (2014 全國I卷)
解析:由空格后most outstanding可知,這是形容詞的最高級,故填the。
[例6] Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm, which looked almost abandoned. (2015 廣東卷)
解析:由上下文可知,farm在文中是第一次出現,且是泛指,故填a。
考點5:某些副詞
[例7]But I didnt care. A few hours 62 ,Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. (2015 全國I卷)
解析:根據句中謂語動詞的時態(had been)和句意可知,這里表示“幾小時前”,故填表示時間的連接性副詞before。
考點6:助動詞
[例8]Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?”(2014 全國II卷)
解析:根據句意和句子結構可知,這里需助動詞來構成一般疑問句,且由“stoop up and asked”可知應是一般過去時,由“anyone lose”中lose是原形可知,此處應填助動詞did。此題考查助動詞,關鍵在于看懂句子,找出主語人稱與句子時態。
二、解題三步法
第一步,略讀語篇,理解大意。
第二步,分析句子結構,確定需填類詞。
第三步,根據句子意思,以及語法知識、固定搭配、特殊句型、前后邏輯等確定答案。
[例1]Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. (2014 全國I卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,讀上下文,理解大意:也許你有這樣一個習慣,這個習慣會使你全家人發瘋。
第二步,分析句子結構,可知應填定語從句的關系詞。
第三步,根據語法知識分析:先行詞為habit,且在定語從句中作主語,應填that/which。
[例2]There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. (2014 全國II卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,根據語境,理解大意:有許多人在公交車站等車,其中一些人看起來非常焦急和失望。
第二步,分析句子結構,可知空格前后都是兩個完整的句子,應填連詞。
第三步,因兩句間為并列的順接關系,故填and。
[例3]I got a place next 64 the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk. (2014 全國II卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,讀上下文,理解大意:我的位置近窗。
第二步,分析句子結構可知,應填介詞。
第三步,根據固定搭配next to (靠近,接近)可知應填to。
[例4] The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. (2015 全國II卷)
解題步驟:
第一步,據語境,理解大意:美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人所建的土坯房贏得了最現代的建筑師和工程師的贊賞。
第二步,分析句子結構可知,由空格前的even和空格后的most modern可知是最高級。
第三步,根據語法規則,最高級前應填the。
責任編輯 蔣小青