陳晨 沃文偉 范文義
(東北林業大學,哈爾濱,150040) (黑龍江省水文水資源勘測局) (東北林業大學)
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森林生態系統碳循環模型參數優化1)
陳晨沃文偉范文義
(東北林業大學,哈爾濱,150040)(黑龍江省水文水資源勘測局)(東北林業大學)
摘要以2011年帽兒山生態站通量塔觀測的二氧化碳通量(總初級生產力和顯熱通量)數據為基礎,使用集合卡爾曼濾波的順序同化技術,對北方生態系統生產力(BEPS)模型的關鍵參數進行優化。結果表明:參數在季節尺度上變化顯著,通常在展葉期迅速增大,夏季達到穩定,秋季落葉期降低。根據優化的參數,模型的總初級生產力、生態系統呼吸的模擬值精度顯著提高,精度分別達到91%、96%,比優化之前的模擬值精度提高了8%和11%。說明集合卡爾曼濾波的參數優化可以明顯改善模型模擬碳水通量的能力。
關鍵詞BEPS模型;通量數據;集合卡爾曼濾波;數據同化;季節變化
分類號S715.3
Optimization of Ecosystem Carbon Cycle Model Parameters//
Chen Chen
(Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China); Wo Wenwei(Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Heilongjiang Province); Fan Wenyi(Northeast Forestry University)//
Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(5):15-19.
With CO2flux observation data (gross primary productivity (GPP) and sensible heat flux (LE)) from Maoershan Ecosystem Station flux tower in 2011, we used sequential data assimilation and ensemble Kalman filter technique to optimize some of the key parameters of the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) model by taking into account the errors in inputs, parameters, and observations. We optimized the parameters by data assimilation including maximum photosynthetic carboxylation rate (Vcmax), and the slope of stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (M). Parameters were optimized in daily steps. The parameters varied significantly at seasonal scales, was with usually rapid increase in leaf expansion period, and in summer would reach a steady and decline in senescence of leaves. According to optimized parameters, model simulated value of GPP and RE flux were significantly increased. GPP and RE simulated accuracy reached 91% and 96%, and the precision values of the simulated values before optimization were increased by 8% and 11%, respectively. Ensemble Kalman filter parameter optimization could significantly improve model capacity in simulating the carbon and water fluxes.
KeywordsBEPS model; Flux data; Ensemble Kalman filter; Data assimilation; Seasonal variability
森林生態系統是陸地生態系統的主體,在維持全球碳平衡、減緩全球氣候變化等方面起到重要的作用[1-2],而生態系統和大氣之間的碳、水和能量交換對地球氣候影響顯著[3]。關于森林生態系統的碳水能量循環及其驅動機制的研究已經成為當今全球氣候變化研究的重點問題[4]。
陸地生態系統模型已經廣泛應用于模擬生態系統生產力、水分消耗以及溫室氣體的排放。由于生態過程的復雜性及其時空變異的特征,模型參數值通常存在空間和時間的異質性,在應用到大區域的時候,這些參數通常是不能直接測量的(如冠層級別的參數),但又顯著地影響模型模擬碳、水和能量通量的能力。……