語篇型語法填空題解讀

徐穎

[考題回放]

例1 （2016·全國卷Ⅰ）

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asias biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top 61 （attract）.

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research， I 62 （allow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow， I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 （official） given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 . my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 （introduce） British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit， I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 （it） mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 （day） with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed， 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.

答案 61. attraction；62. was allowed；63. officially；64. to；65. when；66. permitted；67. introducing；68. its；69. days；70. the。

試題分析 這是一篇介紹成都熊貓基地的短文，講述了作者拜訪熊貓基地的經歷。所以文章的時態可以確定為一般過去時。

根據所給單詞的基本形式提示可判斷的有61（考詞性轉換，動詞變名詞）；62（考時態和語態。“被允許做……”為be allowed to do）；63（考形容詞變副詞）；66，67（考非謂語動詞，66為過去分詞做后置定語，67為介詞后接動名詞）；68（考形容詞性物主代詞）；69（考名詞復數）。

根據上下文語境提示可判斷的有64（考介詞固定搭配go back to），65（考定語從句），70（考冠詞one ...，the other ... “一個……，另一個……”）。

例2 （2016·全國卷Ⅱ）

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work， you should take a step back and identify （識別） those of 61 （great） and less importance. Then， handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62 （achieve）. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 （be） often acceptable.

Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So， get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

Recent 66 （study） show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 （regular）. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while， exercising， or doing something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office， youll be less likely 69 （bring） your work home. It could be anything—gardening， cooking， music， sports—but whatever it is， 70 （make） sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

答案 61. greater；62. achievement；63. is；64. on；65. as；66. studies；67. regularly；68. a；69. to bring；70. make。

試題分析 這是一篇介紹工作壓力大時如何合理釋放壓力的說明文，文章時態可確定為一般現在時。無提示詞填空題考到了固定搭配be focused on ...“集中注意力于……”、as ... as possible“盡可能……”、介詞短語for a while“一會兒”。

有提示詞填空題考到了形容詞比較級、動詞變名詞、形容詞變副詞、句子結構和主謂一致、名詞復數、固定搭配be likely to do sth.和祈使句。

全國卷Ⅱ相對全國卷Ⅰ較容易，考點和填空設置都很基礎，難度不大。

[解題策略]

高考無提示詞（語境提示）一般設空3～4個，有提示詞（單詞提示）一般設空6～7個。

1. 無提示詞（語境提示）考查一般為冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動詞、關系詞、固定搭配、特殊句式等。解題時要注意分析句子結構，確定填哪類詞，然后根據句意和語境，確定答案。

例3 （2014·全國卷Ⅱ） There were many people waiting at the bus stop， ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

解析 and。There were many people waiting at the bus stop是個完整的句子，some of them looked very anxious and disappointed也是個完整的句子，兩句之間是并列關系。

例4 （2015·全國卷Ⅱ） The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.

解析 the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高級修飾，用定冠詞。

2. 有提示詞（單詞提示）考查一般為謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。提示詞給出動詞基本形式時，考慮填詞性詞形轉換形式（轉為名詞、形容詞）、語動詞形式（注意時態語態）、非謂語動詞形式（現在分詞或過去分詞）。

提示詞給出的不是動詞時，考慮詞性的變化，如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉換，名詞的復數形式，形容詞比較級、最高級，詞形變化如反義詞（前綴）。

例5 （2015·全國卷Ⅰ） Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ （live） in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

解析 living。現在分詞living作定語，修飾中心詞people，指住在上海和香港的人。

例6 （2015·全國卷Ⅰ） Finally， their hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ （clean） than ever.

解析 cleaner。根據后面比較級的標志詞than，應使用比較級。

例7 （2015·全國卷Ⅱ） As ______ （nature） architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

解析 natural。名詞前用形容詞修飾。

[備考反思]

語法填空是語境和語法的綜合。要做好語法填空題，理解文章是解題的前提，扎實的詞匯、語法知識是保證。

在備考復習中，同學們要熟練掌握考綱詞匯，尤其是高頻詞的拼寫、詞性、變化形式，以及常用詞匯的用法。同時加強語法基礎，進行句子結構的系統訓練，尤其是長句、難句、復雜句的分析。注意特殊句式。做題時要拼寫正確、書寫規范，減少非智力因素造成的丟分。