863課題“深海微生物活性物質的挖掘及其利用技術”2013年度進展

鞠建華 周雪峰 朱偉明 漆淑華 徐剛明

摘 要：2013年為863課題“深海微生物活性物質的挖掘及其利用技術”實施的第二年。該年度該課題進展順利，完成了預期的研究計劃。取得的研究進展主要分為以下5個方面：（1）在深海沉積環境樣品中分離、純化、保藏869株菌株，確定了729個菌株的系統進化地位，在深海海水樣品中分離了海洋微生物237株，完成了其中168株的細菌測序工作；其中發現一個潛在的新屬級類群。（2）對21株深海微生物進行次生代謝產物的分離和純化，從中分離鑒定代謝產物186個，其中新結構化合物71個；其中1個對稱的環四肽類新骨架化合物；發現具有較好藥用活性的化合物25個；對Staurosporine的衍生物HDZ-115和Xanthocillin X進行深入的藥理藥效研究，確定為下一步成藥性評價的先導化合物。（3）從深海來源微生物中發現對植物病原真菌具有良好抗性的脂肽類活性物質；篩選得到一系列抗污損活性的活性物質，其中1個單體化合物在海洋掛板實驗中較好抗海洋污損生物活性，具有進一步開發價值。（4）完成了1株深海海洋放線菌SCSIO ZH66的全基因組掃描測序，克隆鑒定了Grincamycin，Lobophorin的生物合成基因簇，完成了Grincamycin，marinacarboline，lobophorin的生物合成途徑。（5）從深海微生物中分離純化兩種具有重要經濟價值的新蛋白酶，分離得到到新型高溫α淀粉酶和生淀粉酶基因，成功實現異源表達，并對酶學性質進行了研究。

關鍵詞：深海微生物 活性物質 藥用活性 生態效應 生物合成 新型酶

Abstract： This 2013 annual report of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China “Discovery and Development of Bioactive Substrates from the Deep-sea Microorganisms” includes the following contents： （1） 869 strains have been purified， separated and preserved from the deep sea sediment and 729 of them have been determined with their phylogenetic position. 237 strains have been purified and separated from deep sea water samples， and 168 of them have been completed with their bacteria sequencing studies； there is a potential new genus level taxa in them； （2） 21 Stains of deep-sea microbes have been investigated for their secondary metabolisms. 186 compounds have been isolated and identified and 71 of them are new compounds， including a novel cyclic tetrapeptide. 25 compounds were found to show significant pharmacological activities. Detained pharmacological studies of HDZ-115 （derivative of staurosporine） and Xanthocillin X show that these two lead compounds are worthy of further drug assessment. （3） Some lipopeptides show antagonistic activities toward the tested plant fungal pathogens. Several active substances are obtained with their antifouling activities， and one of them shows a good application value in the antipollution experiments in sea. （4） The genome of the deep sea actinomycete SCSIO ZH66 has been scanned； gene clusters responsible for grincamycin and lobophorin have been cloned and identified and the pathways of grincamycin， marinacarboline and lobophorin have been deciphered； （5） Two new proteases， with good economic value， were isolated and purified from deep-sea microbes. New high temperature α-amylases and amylase genes were isolated with successful implementation of heterologous expression.

Key Words： Deep-sea microbes； Bioactive substance； Pharmacological activities； Ecological effect； Biosynthesis； New enzyme

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