附子生物堿脫毒前后對小菜蛾室內毒力活性比較研究

白雪　康曉慧　楊隨莊等

摘 要 通過對附子生物堿進行脫毒處理，將雙酯型附子生物堿水解為單酯型附子生物堿，分別測定了脫毒前后附子生物堿對小菜蛾的室內毒力活性，包括拒食活性、胃毒活性和生長抑制活性.拒食活性中，非選擇性拒食率脫毒前后的毒力回歸曲線分別為y=-3.312+2.014X， y=-1.666+1.716X，AFC50分別為0.651和0.971 g/L.選擇性拒食率的毒力回歸曲線分別為y=-0.859+1.141X，y=-1.718+1.431X，AFC50為0.753和1.201 g/L.胃毒活性中，死亡率的毒力回歸曲線分別為y=-1.296+1.838X， y=-1.386+1.379X， LC50分別為0.705和1005 g/L.生長抑制活性中，生長抑制率的毒力回歸曲線分別為y=-1.283+1.73X， y=-1.24+1.316X， AGC50分別為0.742和0.942 g/L.分析以上三種活性可知，脫毒前附子生物堿對小菜蛾的殺蟲活性主要體現在拒食活性上，其次為生長抑制活性和胃毒活性；脫毒后殺蟲活性有所降低，但未全部喪失，尤其在拒食活性上表現明顯.

關鍵詞 附子生物堿；小菜蛾；毒力回歸曲線

中圖分類號 S435.654文獻標識碼 A文章編號 10002537（2016）02002906

Comparative Study on the Toxicity Activity to Plutella Xylostella by

Aconite Alkaloids Both before and after Detoxification in Laboratory

BAI Xue1， KANG Xiaohui1*， YANG Suizhuang1， YUAN Xiaohong1， ZHOU Qiang2

（1.College of Life Science and Engineering， Southwest University of Science and Technology， Mianyang 621010， China；

2.Agricultural Service Center of Yongming Town， Mianyang 621038， China）

Abstract Based on the detoxification treatment， making the double ester type of aconite alkaloids hydrolyzed single ester type， we have determined the antifeedant activity， stomach toxicity and growth inhibitory activity by the aconite alkaloids before and after partial detoxification. For the antifeedant activity， the regression curve of the non selective antifeedant rate before and after detoxification is y=-3.312+2.014X， y=-1.666+1.716X， with AFC50 equal to 0.651 and 0.971 g/L， respectively. The regression curve of the selective antifeedant rate is y=-0.859+1.141X， y=-1.718+1.431X， with AFC50 0.753 and 1.201 g/L， respectively. For the gastric toxicity， the regression curve of mortality is y=-1.296+1.838X， y=-1.386+1.379X， with LC50 as 0.705 and 1.005 g/L， respectively. For the growth inhibition activity， the growth inhibition rate of the regression curve is y=-1.283+1.73X， y=-1.24+1.316X， with AGC50 to be 0.742 and 0942 g/L， respectively. It can be seen from above results about the three kinds of activity that aconite alkaloids has a strong insecticidal effect before detoxification， which is mainly reflected by the antifeedant inhibition followed by the gastric toxicity. The activity is markedly reduced after detoxification， though not all of it is completely diminished， especially for the antifeedant activity.

Key words aconite alkaloids； Plutella xylostella； toxicity regression curve

附子為毛茛科植物烏頭（Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.），其活性成分含生物堿，具有很強的藥理作用.很多學者對附子進行了研究，大多集中在對附子生物堿的提取及其成分分析上，而對其應用價值鮮見研究.劉倩等[1]采用單因素實驗篩選出了最佳的TLC條件，完善了附子生物堿的TLC檢查方法；楊潔紅等[2]將附子生物堿同甘草的活性物質結合，對兩者結合所產生的抗炎作用機制進行了探討；陳平等[3]采用液相色譜質譜的方法對附子生物堿的煎煮減毒機理進行了研究；楊昌林等[4]利用蒸制和烘制兩種方法對附子生物堿的成分含量進行了系……