李魁明++帥紅++姚羅蘭等
摘 要 結合長株潭城市群區域環境特點及社會、經濟發展狀況,以2005年、2010年和2014年為評價年,采用模糊綜合評價法對長株潭生態安全進行評價,結果表明:長株潭城市群生態安全狀況總體上不容樂觀,但可持續發展水平在不斷提高;研究區域中,長沙縣及長株潭3市市區的生態安全水平相對較高,而望城縣、湘潭縣及株洲縣生態安全水平相對較低.運用因子分析法對影響生態安全的主要因子進行分析,土壤重金屬面積比例、人口密度、人均水資源占有量、景觀破碎度等指標的影響較大,針對評價結果,提出了對策和建議.評價結果與實際情況基本相符合,為其他城市群的生態安全評價可提供借鑒.
關鍵詞 生態安全;模糊綜合評價法;因子分析;長株潭城市群
中圖分類號 X1741文獻標識碼 A文章編號 10002537(2016)02000109
Ecological Security Assessment of ChangshaZhuzhouXiangtan Urban Agglomeration
LI Kuiming1,2, SHUAI Hong2*, YAO Luolan2, ZHANG Da1,2, SHI Yun1,2
(1.Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, Sanhe 065201, China;
2.College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China)
Abstract On the basis of environmental profiles and development conditions of social and economic characteristics, with year 2005, 2010 and 2014 as examples, we systematically evaluated the ecological security of ChangShaZhuZhouXiangTan urban agglomeration with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Our results show that the ecological security condition of this agglomeration is not optimistic in general, though sustainable development level constantly improved. In the regional study, we found that Changsha country, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan have relatively high levels of ecological security while Wangcheng country, Xiangtan country and Zhuzhou country are low. From the analysis of major factors effecting ecological security by factor analysis method, we unveiled that the proportion of soil heavy metal area, population density, per capita water resources and landscape fragmentation index are most significant. Suggestions and measures have been proposed according to the above analysis. Generally speaking, evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual situations. We believe that our analysis method can be used for ecological security evaluation in other urban agglomerations.
Key words ecological security; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method; factor analysis; ChangshaZhuzhouXiangtan urban agglomeration
在快速城市化和生態環境面臨巨大挑戰的時代背景下,城市生態安全已經成為國家或區域生態安全的基石和核心[1].目前國內外對城市生態安全的研究較多.就研究對象而言,多是基于經濟發達地區和快速城市化地區的特定城市進行研究[24],對城市的高級發展形式城市群的研究較少;就研究方法而言,關于城市生態安全的研究方法多種多樣,包括綜合評價法[5]、生態足跡法[6]、模糊數學[7]、屬性識別[8]、物元模型[9]、投影尋蹤[10]、神經網絡[11]等等;并且隨著RS/GIS技術應用的日益成熟,借助RS/GIS手段,運用景觀生態學、LUCC理論,結合數據對城市生態安全進行研究的趨勢加強[1214];……