中考英語單項選擇面面觀

陳傳光供稿

中考英語單項選擇面面觀

陳傳光供稿

單項選擇題是中考英語的重要題型之一。其知識覆蓋面廣，靈活性大，綜合性強。考查的內(nèi)容涉及詞匯、語法、習慣用法、交際用語等各個方面。單項選擇題對語言知識的考查，通常是將語言知識與語言功能相結(jié)合，在語境中考查知識的應用。

一 考★向★分★析

近年來，中考英語減少了對純語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，而相應增加了對綜合知識的考查。例如加長題干，形成一定的語境，要求同學們能夠活用知識、辨析詞語的用法和含義、根據(jù)句中的情景進行邏輯推理和判斷，強調(diào)了培養(yǎng)實際運用英語的能力。這種題型所涉及的考點主要有以下幾方面：

? 定冠詞、不定冠詞的基本用法；

? 名詞單復數(shù)和名詞所有格；

? 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞及不定代詞的用法；

? 形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級、最高級及兩種詞類的用法區(qū)別；

? 基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞與分數(shù)的用法及表達法；

? 介詞的基本用法；

? 連詞的基本用法；

? 一些習慣用語和固定搭配的記憶和使用；

? 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、動詞不定式及動名詞的用法；

? 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法；

? 反意疑問句、感嘆句、祈使句、賓語從句和特殊疑問句的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。

二 答★題★技★巧

單項選擇題的測試目的明確，覆蓋面廣，不僅可以測試學生對于基礎知識的掌握，也可以考查他們運用語言的能力。在解答此類題型時，可根據(jù)其特點從以下幾個方面入手：

1. 固定搭配法

英語句子中詞語和詞語之間有一定的“固定搭配”，主要包括介詞短語、動詞短語、名詞短語、冠詞在固定搭配中的用法等。因此，如果我們熟悉這些固定搭配，就可以很容易地選出正確答案。例如：

① Jim is _school. His father is _work.

A. on; at B. at; at C. at; on D. on; on

★ at school表“在學校，在上學”，而at work表“在上班”，都是固定搭配。故選B。

② If you read a lot, you life will be full_ pleasure.

A. by B. of C. for D. with★ be full of意為“充滿”，是固定搭配。故選B。

③_age 7, Bruce won the second prize in the piano competition.

A. In B. At C. On D. For

★ at age+數(shù)字=at the age of+數(shù)字，指“在……歲時”，屬于習慣搭配。故選B。

2. 語境分析法

在處理知識與能力的關(guān)系時，命題者會很注意在盡可能真實與自然的語境中考查學生對知識的掌握與運用情況，因而常將詞語辨析、時態(tài)選擇和其他語法知識置于一定的語境中。例如：

① —When _you _your old friend?

—The day before yesterday.

A. will; visit B. did; visit C. have; visited D. are; visiting

★ 由答語“前天”可知問句應用一般過去時，故選B。

② —_do you go to the library?

—Once a week.

A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon

★ 由答語“一周一次”可知詢問的是對方去圖書館的頻率，故選A。

③ —I can’t find Jack. Where is he?

—He _for tomorrow’s competition at home.

A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared

★ 由上文的“Where is he?”可知是詢問杰克現(xiàn)在所在的位置，再結(jié)合各選項可知用現(xiàn)在進行時，故選B。

3. 逐個排除法考生總會對少數(shù)難題望而生畏，但考生可根據(jù)題干的特定信息及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語法進行有理有據(jù)的合理推測，排除錯誤選項，從而找出正確的答案。當你對某個選項的意義用法不明確，而這個選項又恰恰是正確答案時，可以將錯誤選項逐個剔除，那么剩余的一個即為正確答案。例如：

① The teacher wanted to have a word with Jim, but she had_to tell him.

A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important

★ 形容詞作定語修飾不定代詞時，形容詞須后置，故排除A項；nothing表“沒有什么”，something表“某事，某物”，由句意可知選B。

②_weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.

A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad

★ 句中已有主語it，weather（天氣）是名詞，故感嘆句用what引導，排除B、C兩項；再由下句句意“我們不能去玄武湖劃船了”可推知，現(xiàn)在天氣不好，故用形容詞bad。故選D。

③ He invited some classmates to come to his party, but_came.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

★ classmates是可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，首先排除A、B兩項；a few表示肯定，few表示否定，根據(jù)but判斷句意前后有轉(zhuǎn)折之意，故選D

4. 前后照應法

答題前首先應弄清楚題干的真正意思，然后聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉暗示的信息，最后判斷出正確答案。例如：

① My brother is a_boy. He always does little work the whole day.

A. busy B. good C. nice D. lazy

★ 單看第一句，從語法上講，A、B、C、D四個選項都沒有問題。但由后句“他總是整天無所事事”，可知他是一個懶惰的男孩。故只有D項符合句意。

② —Excuse me, haven’t you learned the new_law? Everyone in the car must wearthe seat belt.

—Sorry, we won’t do that again.

A. food B. traffic C. medicine D. education

★ 上句句意為“打擾一下，難道你沒學習過新的_法規(guī)嗎？車里的每個人都必須系上安全帶”。而food為“食物”，traffic為“交通”，medicine為“藥”，education為“教育”，故選B。

③ Being honest is the first _if you want to make friends with others.

A. step B. time C. job D. hand

★ step為“步，階梯”，time為“時間”，job為“工作”，hand為“手”。該句句意為“如果你想與他人交朋友，誠實是第一步”。故選A。

5. 比較辨析法

命題者常把語法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句型和易混詞匯放在同一語境中，用來考查考生對基礎知識掌握的牢固程度和辨析能力。這就要求考生找出所要考查的知識要點，并加以比較和辨析，認清它們之間的區(qū)別，從而找出正確答案。例如：

① It _me two hours to do my homework last night. A. spent B. took C. paid D. used

★ 本題考查表“花費”的句型。D項為干擾項，故排除；spend、take和pay都可作“花費”義，因此單憑詞義很難確定，但只要掌握了it作形式主語時的句式“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，便很容易選出正確答案了。故選B。

② —W_hat’s wrong with you, Jack? You look tired.—I to prepare for the final exam last night.

A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up

★ pick up為“撿起，拾起”，wake up為“醒來”，stay up為“不睡覺，熬夜”，put up為“舉起，搭建，進行，張貼”。由上句中l(wèi)ook tired（看起來困倦）可知，stay up符合題意。故選C。

③ —Can I _your bike?_—With pleasure. But you mustn’t it to others.

A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow

★ lend表示句子的主語“借出”，而borrow表示句子的主語“借入”。題中問句的意思是“我可以借用你的自行車嗎？”，表示的是句子主語“借入”，故用borrow；題中答語中第二句的意思是“但你一定不要把它借給別人”，表示的是句子主語“借出”，故用lend。故選B。

6. 常識運用法

根據(jù)我們平時掌握的政治、歷史、地理、天文、數(shù)理化、生活、風俗等方面的知識去進行推理判斷從而得出答案，這種方法就叫常識運用法。例如：

① People usually eat moon cakes on_.

A. Teachers’ Day B. Mother’s Day C. May Day D. Mid-Autumn Festival

★ 人們通常在中秋節(jié)才吃月餅，故選項D正確。

② France is a good place for holiday. You can visit _in France.

A. Big Ben B. the Eiffel Tower C. Mount Fuji D. the Great Wall

★ Big Ben是英國的大本鐘；the Eiffel Tower是法國的埃菲爾鐵塔；Mount Fuji是日本的富士山；the Great Wall是中國的長城。由題中的France（法國）可知選B。

③ In _, people are supposed to kiss when they meet for the first time.

A. China B. Japan C. Korea D. Brazil

★ 結(jié)合西方國家的習俗可知，見面親吻以示問候是法國、意大利、西班牙及巴西等國的禮節(jié)。故選D。

□ 1. —Is Total Soccer _ weekly round-up (綜合報道) of soccer?—Yes. It provides us with _ latest news on soccer.

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a

□ 2 —What shall we do to kill time?

—Well, _ it is Wanda Cinema’s half-price day, why not go to see a film?

A. since B. while C. unless D. though

□ 3. —Too much traffic is harmful _ the environment.

—Sure. But we have difficulty _ controlling the number of cars.

A. to; in B. in; in C. on; to D. in; on

□ 4. —When did you show an _ in reading?

—At the age of six, I became _ in reading comics.

A. interest; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interest; interested

□ 5. It is difficult for people to find space to _ near the shopping mall at weekends.

A. hide B. ride C. leave D. park

□ 6. —I can’t decide which movie to watch.

— _ read the movie review first?

A. Why not B. Let’s C. Why don’t D. Perhaps

□ 7. — _ it is snowing!

—Yeah. We can enjoy snow fights!

A. What heavy B. How heavy C. How heavily D. What heavily

□ 8. This village is _ two parts by a big river. However, there is a stone bridge for people to go

across the river.

A. made up B. connected with C. divided into D. dealt with

□ 9. —Would you like _ to drink?

—OK. A cup of watermelon juice, please.

A. something sweet B. everything sweet C. sweet something D. sweet everything

□ 10. Andy has made _ this term that his parents will award him a new laptop.

A. such a great progress B. so a great progress C. such great progress D. so great progress

□ 11. Ma Ji, a great cross-talk (相聲) artist, _ on the morning of December 20th, 2006.

A. died of B. passed over C. passed away D. ran away

□ 12. It’s important to know about some safety rules. And don’t forget _ in the traffic safety class.

A. what the teacher said B. what did the teacher say

C. the teacher said what D. what has the teacher said

□ 13. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call this morning?

—Oh, sorry. I _ a TV series and didn’t hear it.

A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have watched

□ 14. My grandfather doesn’t know that Kim Soo-hyun is a Korean star _ has millions of fans in China.

A. whom B. those C. who D. which

□ 15. —I hope that I will have millions of dollars and I can buy my private (私人的) plane.

— _ .

A. You are welcome B. That’s very kind of you C. In your dreams D. Thank you all the same

【參考答案】1-5 BAADD 6-10 ACCAC 11-15 CABCC