在高考英語試卷中,對定語從句的考查是必不可少的;同時,它也是高中英語教學中的重點和難點。筆者通過對近幾年全國各地高考試卷該類試題的思考、分析、歸類,總結出以下常見題干設計類型,供高三復習參考,目的在于提高高三復習效果。
一、從句可緊跟在先行詞之后;亦可相隔
例1:The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015年 天津卷)
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
分析:先行詞atmosphere在定從中做狀語,表示“氛圍”,故選A;從句緊跟在先行詞之后。
例2:Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. (2014年 江西卷)
A. which B. what
C. where D. when
分析:先行詞dangers在定從中做face的賓語,故選A;從句緊跟在先行詞之后。
例3:After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(2012年 江蘇卷)
A. which B. who
C. where D. what
分析:根據句意,先行詞是people,而非that area,且在定從中做主語,指人,故選B;從句與先行詞相隔。
二、表示時間、地點的名詞做先行詞,在定從中做狀語,常用when, where引導定從;亦可做其他成分,用關系代詞引導
例1:As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015年 陜西卷)
A. which B. where
C. whom D. when
分析:先行詞為the time,在定從中做時間狀語,故選D。
例2:Opposite is St. Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music.(2015年 北京卷)
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
分析:先行詞為St. Pauls Church,在定從中做地點狀語,故選D。
例3:The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. (2014年 安徽卷)
A. when B. where
C. why D. which
分析:先行詞為The exact year,在定從中做spent的賓語,故選關系代詞D。
例4:It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015年 湖南卷)
A. as B. where
C. that D. which
分析:先行詞a truly delightful place在非限制性定從中做主語,故選關系代詞which。
三、which引導定從,可指代先行詞;亦可放在主句之后,指代整個主句
例1:I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.(2014年 北京卷)
A. who B. which
C. when D. where
分析:先行詞the book在定從中做recommended的賓語,選B,which指代先行詞。
例2:China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015年 福建卷)
A. who B. whom
C. that D. which
分析:句意是“《今日中國》吸引全世界讀者,這表明世界上越來越多的人想理解中國”,整個主句為先行詞,在非限制性定從中做主語,故選D。
四、as和which引導非限制性定從,置于句中:as可指代整個主句,而which只能指代其前面的詞或句
例1:That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012年 全國II卷)
A. that B. which
C. what D. when
分析:先行詞That evening在非限制性定從中做about的賓語,選故B,which指代先行詞?!?br>