文/張 鵬
涉及it用法的四類考點(diǎn)
當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為避免頭重腳輕,通常在句首使用形式主語(yǔ)it,而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子末尾。如:
1)It is easy for her to find a new job.找一份新工作對(duì)她來說很容易。
2)It is very kind of you to help me find my bike.你幫我找到了自行車真是太好了。
3)It’s simply a waste of time and money seeing that movie.看那個(gè)電影純粹是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢。
4)It is quite clear that he has read the book.很顯然,他讀過這本書。
5)It doesn’t matter what he says.他說什么沒關(guān)系。
【特別提醒】用作動(dòng)詞look,seem,appear,happen,occur,follow等的主語(yǔ),后接that從句或as if從句。如:
1)It seems that he knows everything.他好像什么都知道。
2)It so happened that I had no money with me.碰巧我沒帶錢。
【中考真題1】(2015年永州卷)is very dangerous to swim alone in the river.
A.ItB.ThisC.That
當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作賓語(yǔ)且后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),就應(yīng)該在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前使用形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末。如:
1)We found it difficult to persuade her.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難說服她。
2)Plenty of rain made it possible for the farmers to have a good harvest this year.充足的雨水使農(nóng)民們今年獲得大豐收成為可能。
3)I think it no good doing it like that.我認(rèn)為那樣做沒有好處。
【特別提醒】注意it用作形式賓語(yǔ)的特殊句式:
1.動(dòng)詞+it+if/when從句
當(dāng)enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等動(dòng)詞后需要接一個(gè)if或when引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),此時(shí)必須要先在動(dòng)詞后接it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如:
1)She won’t like it if you arrive late.她不喜歡你遲到。
2)I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能幫助我做這事,我會(huì)十分感激。
2.動(dòng)詞+介詞+it+that從句
能用于此句型的主要有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,即depend on,answer for,see to。如:
1)You may depend on it that he will turn up in time.你可以相信他會(huì)及時(shí)趕到。
2)I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest.我不能保證這個(gè)男孩是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
【中考真題2】(2015年貴陽(yáng)卷)Many people’s effort madepossible to have the great sports meeting in Guiyang.
A.itB.thisC.that
【中考真題3】(2015年齊齊哈爾卷)I foundnot very easyto ride a bike.
A.that;learnB.it;to learnC.that;to learn
兩者均可代替前面提到的事物,區(qū)別是:it指的是與前面已提到的事物為同一物,此時(shí)的it等于“the(this,that,my...)+名詞”;而one指的是與前面已提到的事物為同一類物,此時(shí)的one等于“a+名詞”。比較:
1)I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary.我有一本詞典,但我把它借給瑪麗了。
2)I haven’t a dictionary.Can you lend me one?我沒有詞典,你能借我一本嗎?
【中考真題4】(2016年天津卷)I can’t find my ticket.I think I have lost.
A.itB.oneC.thisD.them
【中考真題5】(2016年無錫卷)—I can’t find the magazine I bought this morning.
—Well,Jack is readingover there.Why not go and see if it is yours?
A.itB.thatC.oneD.some
包含it的習(xí)語(yǔ)很多,我們?cè)诳荚囍薪?jīng)常遇到的有:
1.forget it意為“沒關(guān)系;不必在意;休想;不可能;別提了”。如:
1)—I’m terribly sorry I broke your glass.很抱歉,我把你的玻璃杯打碎了。
—Forget it.沒關(guān)系。
2)—I’d like to take a week’s holiday.我想休一個(gè)星期的假。
—Forget it.We’re too busy.不可能,我們太忙了。
2.It/That depends.意為“視情況而定”。如:
—How long are you staying?你會(huì)呆多久?
—I don’t know.It depends.我不知道,那得看情況。
3.make it意為“約定時(shí)間;及時(shí)到達(dá)某地;趕上某事;設(shè)法做成某事等”。如:
1)Let’s make it at 8:30.Is that all right for you?我們約定在八點(diǎn)半,這對(duì)你來說合適嗎?
2)The train will leave in ten minutes,so I think we can’t make it.火車十分鐘后出發(fā),我想我們不可能趕上了。
3)You needn’t worry about it.He will make it.你不必?fù)?dān)心這件事,他會(huì)辦成的。
4.go it意為“趕快干;加把勁”。如:
Go it,or we won’t finish the work on time.趕緊點(diǎn),否則我們將不會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)了。
5.take it easy意為“不緊張;從容;不急”。如:
1)Take it easy,Peter.I’ll help you out.別著急,彼得,我來幫你解決。
2)Try not to work yourself too hard.Take it easy.別太辛苦了。輕松點(diǎn)。
6.It’s up to you意為“隨你……”。如:
It’s up to you to find out what your goals really are.真正的目標(biāo)是什么,只能由你來決定。
【中考真題6】(2015年寧波卷)—I’m so sorry about last night.It was all my fault.
—.
A.Forget itB.No wayC.Go aheadD.My pleasure
【中考真題7】(2016年鄂州卷)—I’m very nervous the night before the big exam.
—.I’m sure you can make it.
A.Take it easyB.Take your timeC.Go aheadD.Enjoy yourself
【中考真題8】(2015年臨沂卷)—Shall we go to the amusement park right away or next weekend?
—.Any time will do.
A.Excuse meB.Have a good time
C.I’m afraid I can’tD.It’s up to you
Key:1.A2.A3.B4.A5.C6.A7.A8.D
責(zé)任編輯:李丁文