捕捉技術動作的細節

文/五花肉

捕捉技術動作的細節

Capture the Detail of Movement Skills

文/五花肉

自1964年被列入奧運會正式競賽項目至今，排球運動一直處于高速發展狀態，技戰術水平日新月異、比賽精彩程度不斷提高。個中原因除了運動員身體素質增強、排球運動規則改進以外，

標準化的訓練方式也發揮著舉足輕重的推動作用。

Volleyball has been under fast development since it became a part of the official program of Tokyo Olympics in 1964. The game is getting more and more exciting as its technical and tactical level is always changing. Except for the enhancement of volleyball player's physical fitness and the improvement of volleyball rules, standard training method plays an important role in the volleyball's development.

標準姿態是提高關鍵

Standard Posture is the Key

研究顯示，排球比賽中運動員運動能力的高效、穩定發揮，直接取決于其是否能以標準姿態完成擊球、傳接球和移動等一系列技術動作。因此，如何讓運動員在比賽中最大限度地保持標準動作姿態，成為教練員提升球隊技戰術水平、有效降低運動損傷概率的關鍵。

Research shows whether volleyball players can make movements such as hitting ball, passing ball and moving in standard postures determines player's efficient and normal performance. Therefore, how to make players keep postures conformed with standards in the game become the key for the coach to improve team's technical and tactical level and reduce the sporting injuries effectively.

傳統訓練靠感覺掌握

Traditional Training Relies on Sense

傳統的標準技術動作訓練主要依賴于教練員的觀察、球員自身感覺，以及長期反復的練習。然而，由于排球運動對技術動作完成速度有著極高的要求，運動員在訓練中的某些細微的不規范動作因此難以靠肉眼捕捉或主觀感知。這種方法上的局限，使得曾經廣泛使用的傳統訓練方法反過來成為運動員發揮運動能力的障礙。

Traditional standard movement skill training relies on coach's observation, player's sensibility and long-term repetitive practice. However, it is difficult to notice the slight nonstandard movement by naked eyes and subjective perception because volleyball has high requirement for the speed of finishing the movement skill. Because of this limitation, the traditional trainingwidely used in the past has negative impact on the player's performance.

動作捕捉與標準動作

Movement Capture and Standard Motion

為了突破感官上的障礙，人們開始逐步采用動作捕捉方法來輔助球員的動作標準化訓練。作為一種實現運動生物力學分析的重要手段，動作捕捉通過記錄動作過程、采集和分析動作信號來建立動作的三維圖像模型，從而量化分析球員整體姿態和細微技術動作。

In order to break barrier of the senses, motion capture technology is applied to assist the training. As a sport biomechanical method, it builds a three-dimensional image model via recording the motion process, collecting and analyzing the motion signals, which can analyze the player' postures and subtle movement skills.

這種“三維模型+量化對比”的方法給予運動員和教練員客觀的技術數據反饋，實現了迅速掌握標準技術動作的目標。實踐證明，該方法非常適合輔助排球運動員進行技術動作的標準化訓練，并能有效增強標準技術動作訓練效果。

The volleyball players and coach can get an objective technical data feedback from using the combination of three-dimensional image model and quantitative comparison analysis, which also help them achieve the goal of quickly grasping standard movement skills. Practice has proved that this method works for assisting volleyball players with movement skills training and enhancing the training effect.

結 語

Conclusion

縱觀排球運動發展歷史，著眼于幫助運動員快速掌握標準技術動作的訓練方式，經歷了從無到有、從有到精的演變過程，人們對技術動作標準化的孜孜追求，為排球運動水平的提高打下了堅實的基礎。

Throughout volleyball's history, the training method aiming to help volleyball players quickly grasp standard movement skills developed from nonexistence to pass into existence and to proficiency. The pursuit of movement skill standardization lays a solid foundation for the improvement of volleyball level.

（支持單位：上海市質量和標準化研究院）