簡捷,劉利珍,黃緣,李雙,鄧峰
(1南昌大學第三附屬醫院,南昌 330008;2上海市嘉定區中心醫院;3南昌大學第二附屬醫院)
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人參皂苷Rg3對人結腸癌細胞株SW480增殖的影響及其作用機制
簡捷1,劉利珍2,黃緣3,李雙1,鄧峰1
(1南昌大學第三附屬醫院,南昌 330008;2上海市嘉定區中心醫院;3南昌大學第二附屬醫院)
摘要:目的觀察人參皂苷Rg3對人結腸癌細胞株SW480增殖的影響,并探討其可能作用機制。方法取對數生長期SW480細胞,分別加入含160、80、40、0 μmol/L人參皂苷Rg3的儲備液(分別計為A、B、C、D組)培養24 h,采用MTT法檢測人參皂苷Rg3對SW480細胞增殖活性(OD值)的影響,倒置顯微鏡觀察人參皂苷Rg3誘導SW480細胞凋亡形態學改變,流式細胞術檢測SW480細胞凋亡率,RT-PCR法檢測細胞間黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、閉鎖蛋白(Occludin)mRNA,Western blotting法檢測ICAM-1、Occludin蛋白。結果與D組比較,A、B、C組細胞OD值下降,凋亡率增加,ICAM-1 mRNA、蛋白表達降低,Occludin mRNA、蛋白表達升高(P均<0.05)。結論 人參皂苷Rg3可抑制SW480細胞增殖,促進其凋亡,機制可能與ICAM-1表達下調、Occludin表達上調有關。
關鍵詞:人參皂苷Rg3;結腸癌細胞株SW480;細胞間黏附分子1;閉鎖蛋白
人參皂苷Rg3是從人參根的浸出液中分離出的一種有效成分,是一種微量四環三萜皂苷,可抑制腫瘤細胞新生血管形成,誘導腫瘤細胞凋亡,并能選擇性抑制腫瘤細胞轉移,提高機體免疫功能[1~3]。細胞間黏附分子(ICAM)在腫瘤生長、侵襲和轉移中起重要作用,能介導異型細胞間及細胞-細胞外基質間的黏附作用,并參與免疫、炎癥、腫瘤轉移等一系列重要生理和病理過程。腫瘤的浸潤、轉移與上皮細胞的通透性密切相關,而閉鎖蛋白(Occludin)是上皮細胞緊密連接中最重要的結構蛋白,可通過外環以拉鏈式結合產生嚴密的細胞旁封閉,還能與不同的分子結合,參與緊密連接形成的信號調節。本研究觀察了人參皂苷Rg3對人結腸癌細胞株SW480增殖的影響,并探討其可能機制。
1材料與方法
1.1細胞、藥物及試劑SW480細胞購自上海滬尚生物科技有限公司。人參皂苷Rg3購自吉林亞泰制藥股份有限公司,MTT和胰酶購自美國Sigma公司,Annexin V-FITC試劑盒購自美國Beckman Coulter公司,引物由上海Sangon公司合成,TRIzol試劑、逆轉錄試劑盒均購自美國Invitrogen公司,抗ICAM-1及Occludin抗體均購自英國Abcam公司,辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標記的羊抗兔二抗購自北京全式金生物技術有限公司,RPMI1640培養基購自美國Gibco公司,胎牛血清購自杭州四季青公司。
1.2SW480細胞培養及人參皂苷Rg3配制細胞常規培養于含100 mL/L胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養液中。人參皂苷Rg3用二甲基亞砜(DMSO)溶解,配制成80 mmol/L的儲備液,用培養液稀釋至所需濃度,DMSO在各組培養液中的終濃度均為1 mL/L。
1.3人參皂苷Rg3對SW480細胞增殖影響觀察取對數生長期SW480細胞,常規胰酶消化接種于96孔板,每孔4×103個細胞,培養24 h后,加入人參皂苷Rg3儲備液,使其稀釋后終濃度分別為160、80、40、0 μmol/L(分別計為A、B、C、D組),每組設6個平行孔,培養24 h后加入5 g/L的MTT共20 μL,再培養4 h后倒盡板中培養液,各孔加100 μL的DMSO,輕輕振蕩后用酶標儀(波長490 nm)測定各孔的光密度值(OD值),以每組6個孔的平均值作為各組的平均值。實驗重復3次。
1.4人參皂苷Rg3對SW480細胞凋亡影響觀察常規培養SW480細胞,按1×105個/孔接種于24孔細胞培養板。分別用160、80、40、0 μmol/L人參皂苷Rg3處理SW480細胞24 h(分別計為A、B、C、D組),倒置顯微鏡下觀察其形態變化。收集SW480細胞,PBS洗滌1次,400 μL Binding Buffer重懸細胞。取200 μL細胞懸液加入Annexin V 5 μL,PI 10 μL,避光20 min,加入200 μL Binding Buffer上機檢測細胞凋亡率。用Cellquest軟件獲取數據,用Mod Fit軟件進行數據分析。
1.5SW480細胞ICAM-1、Occludin mRNA檢測采用RT-PCR法。常規收集經160、80、40、0 μmol/L人參皂苷Rg3處理24 h的SW480細胞(分別計為A、B、C、D組),總RNA提取按照TRIzol試劑說明書的操作步驟進行。逆轉錄為cDNA后使用LA Taq擴增ICAM-1、Occludin編碼區域。PCR產物全部加入10 g/L低熔點瓊脂糖凝膠進行電泳檢測。利用Bandleader3.0軟件分析PCR產物條帶密度。結果以(目的基因OD值/β-actin基因OD值)×100%表示。
1.6SW480細胞ICAM-1、Occludin蛋白檢測采用Western blotting法。常規收集經160、80、40、0 μmol/L人參皂苷Rg3處理24 h的SW480細胞(分別計為A、B、C、D組),提取細胞總蛋白,用Bradford法測定蛋白濃度。取5×106細胞,與2×SDS凝膠加樣緩沖液等體積混合,100 ℃加熱5 min后分裝于-70 ℃凍存。細胞總蛋白每泳道上樣30 μg,12.5%SDS凝膠電泳,1 mA/cm2半干轉100 min,以含5%脫脂奶粉的TBST室溫封閉2 h,分別加入一抗(ICAM-1單抗、Occludin單抗,1∶400稀釋)4 ℃孵育過夜,二抗(IgG-HRP,1∶2 000稀釋)37 ℃孵育1 h,ECL顯影,凝膠成像系統掃描各條帶灰度值,以此表示ICAM-1、Occludin蛋白的相對表達量。

2結果
2.1各組細胞OD值、細胞凋亡率比較結果見表1。

表1 各組細胞OD值、細胞凋亡率比較±s)
注:與D組比較,*P<0.05,△P<0.01。
2.2各組細胞ICAM-1 mRNA、Occludin mRNA、ICAM-1蛋白、Occludin蛋白比較結果見表2。

表2 各組細胞ICAM-1 mRNA、Occludin mRNA、ICAM-1蛋白、Occludin蛋白比較±s)
注:與D組比較,*P<0.05,△P<0.01。
3討論
結腸癌是一種高發的惡性腫瘤,浸潤和轉移是影響患者預后的主要原因,但其轉移擴散的具體機制尚不清楚。人參皂苷Rg3是中藥中的一種抗腫瘤成分,目前其抗癌作用引起廣泛關注。人參皂苷Rg3可以抑制腫瘤細胞的黏附、浸潤、增殖,與化療藥聯合應用可提高抗腫瘤作用。體內外實驗及流行病學研究顯示,人參皂苷Rg3對多種腫瘤均有增殖抑制作用。而通過體外抗浸潤試驗證明,人參皂甙Rg3能明顯抑制小鼠腹水肝癌細胞、人小細胞肺癌和人胰腺癌細胞的單層浸潤。研究[4,5]還發現,人參皂苷Rg3對高轉移性的小鼠黑色素瘤細胞肺轉移及小鼠結腸癌細胞肺轉移具有抑制作用。本研究顯示,A、B、C組細胞OD值較D組下降,凋亡率較D組增加,提示人參皂苷Rg3對SW480細胞有明顯的抑制作用,并誘導其凋亡。
ICAM-1是由人第19對染色體編碼的單鏈糖蛋白,其表達水平與腫瘤淋巴結轉移、TNM分期密切相關[6,7]。惡性腫瘤的轉移擴散,需借助于其細胞表面的黏附分子和細胞外基質及其他細胞的一系列相互作用,近年研究[8,9]表明ICAM-1與肝癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、結腸癌等腫瘤轉移密切相關。上皮細胞是細胞黏膜屏障的主要組織結構基礎,細胞間的連接復合體參與維持上皮細胞的完整性,其中緊密連接是細胞間最重要的連接方式。近來研究發現,腫瘤的浸潤、轉移與上皮細胞的通透性密切相關。上皮的通透性有兩個途徑,即跨上皮途徑和細胞旁通路(緊密連接)。細胞旁通路是一組復雜的結構,主要由上皮細胞之間的緊密連接控制。細胞旁通路對內毒素和細菌的其他產物等大分子物質的通過起到關鍵性調控作用[10]。緊密連接和黏附連接與細胞的增殖和腫瘤的形成密切相關[11~13]。Occludin是緊密連接中最重要的組成蛋白,其人類基因定位于5q13.1,mRNA全長2 379 bp,編碼522個氨基酸[14]。多數學者認為,Occludin表達的減少使緊密連接的滲透性增加,導致上皮間質轉化,隨后通道開放促進腫瘤的進展[15]。本研究發現,A、B、C組ICAM-1 mRNA、蛋白表達較D組降低,Occludin mRNA、蛋白表達較D組升高。提示人參皂苷Rg3可抑制SW480細胞增殖,促進其凋亡,機制可能與ICAM-1表達下調、Occludin表達上調有關。
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Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on cell proliferation of human colon cancer cell line SW480 and its mechanism
JIANJie1,LIULizhen,HUANGYuan,LIShuang,DENGFeng
(1TheThirdAffiliatedHospitalofNanchangUniversity,Nanchang330008,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on the proliferation of human colon cancer cell line SW480, and to investigate its mechanism.Methods SW480 cells in the logarithmic phase were exposed to 160, 80, 40 and 0 μmol/L ginsenoside Rg3 for 24 hours (marked as groups A, B, C and D). MTT assay was used to measure the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on the cell proliferative activity (OD value). Invert microscope was used to observe the morphological changes of SW480 cells, and flow cytometry was employed to measure the apoptosis of SW480 cells. The intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and occludin mRNA was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 and occludin protein.ResultsThe OD values were decreased, the apoptosis rates were increased, the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein was decreased, and the expression of occludin mRNA and protein was increased in the groups A, B and C as compared with those of group D (all P<0.05).ConclusionGinsenoside Rg3 can inhibit the proliferation of SW480 cells and induce apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related with the down-regulated expression of ICAM-1 and up-regulated expression of occludin.
Key words:ginsenoside Rg3; colon cancer cell line SW480; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; occludin
(收稿日期:2015-09-15)
作者簡介:第一簡捷(1984-),男,碩士,主治醫師,主要研究方向為消化道腫瘤相關基因。E-mail: 9957813@qq.com
中圖分類號:R735.3
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1002-266X(2016)03-0008-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.03.003