壓裂新技術在非常規油氣開發中的應用
劉秉謙1,張遂安1,李宗田2,賀甲元2,盧凌云1
(1.中國石油大學(北京),北京 102249; 2.中國石化石油勘探開發研究院,北京 100083)
摘要:壓裂是非常規油氣開發過程中主要的技術措施,壓裂技術的創新是實現非常規油氣資源大規模開發的關鍵。重點介紹了新型壓裂改造技術的技術原理及其在煤儲層、致密砂巖儲層、頁巖儲層等開發過程中的應用,包括同步壓裂技術、高速通道壓裂技術、纖維壓裂技術、穿層壓裂技術、固井滑套壓裂技術和泵送橋塞壓裂技術。并針對應力疊加效應、支撐劑異構鋪置、鋪砂剖面優化、裂縫穿層延伸、定點起裂、變粒徑變排量作業等技術優勢總結了各技術的設計原理及現場應用情況,為非常規油氣的開發與改造提供參考和借鑒。
關鍵詞:非常規油氣藏;同步壓裂;高速通道壓裂;纖維壓裂;穿層壓裂;固井滑套;泵送橋塞
中圖分類號:TE348
基金項目:山西省自然科學基金“煤層氣徑向井壓裂工藝研究”(AX20140006)。
作者簡介:第一劉秉謙(1991年生),男,在讀碩士研究生,油氣田開發工程專業。郵箱:liubingqian129@163.com。
New Stimulation Technology for Unconventional Oil & Gas Development
Liu Bingqian1, Zhang Suian1, Li Zongtian2,He Jiayuan2, Lu Lingyun1
(1.ChinaUniversityofPetroleum,Beijing102249,China; 2.PetroleumExplorationand
ProductionResearchInstituteofSINOPEC,Beijing100038,China)
Abstract:Fracturing is an indispensable technique for unconventional oil and gas development, and its innovation is the key to large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Application of new fracturing technology for development of coalbed methane reservoir, tight sandstone reservoir, and shale reservoir was introduced, including simultaneous fracturing, channel fracturing, fiber fracturing, interlayer fracturing, cementing sleeve, and pumping bridge plug. Focusing on the technological advantages of stress superposition effect, non-uniform sanding section, optimizing of sanding section, extension of fractures through interface, the fixed initial point, and construction with variable proppant size and variable flowing capacity, designed principles and field application results were summarized, providing good reference for development and transformation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
Key words: unconventional oil and gas reservoir; simultaneous fracturing; high-speed channel fracturing; fiber fracturing; interlayer fracturing; cementing sleeve; pumping bridge plug
近年來,隨著常規油氣資源的快速消耗及開發難度的增加,非常規油氣資源的勘探開發呈現出快速上升的趨勢。依托分段壓裂技術為主的增產改造技術,美國的煤層氣、頁巖氣、致密油和致密氣等非常規油氣資源的開發取得快速發展,2011年美國非常規氣產量達到全美天然氣總產量的67%以上[1],率先實現了非常規油氣資源勘探開發的突破(圖1)。……