煤層形成背景與煤層氣儲(chǔ)層特征

煤層形成背景與煤層氣儲(chǔ)層特征

李軍1，趙文光2，李娜3，洪國(guó)良2

(1.匯永控股集團(tuán)有限公司，北京 100097；2.中國(guó)石油勘探開(kāi)發(fā)研究院，北京 100083；

3.中國(guó)石化勝利石油分公司東辛采油廠，山東東營(yíng) 257000)

摘要：煤層氣是氣體以吸附為主的連續(xù)型油氣聚集，是一種自生自儲(chǔ)的非常規(guī)天然氣。煤層的構(gòu)造、沉積、顯微組分和煤級(jí)是煤層氣形成的基礎(chǔ)。含煤盆地內(nèi)向斜和斜坡中的低幅構(gòu)造、背斜、斷層或褶皺發(fā)育且滲透率高的地區(qū)是煤層氣的高產(chǎn)富集區(qū)。沖積扇、辮狀河、河口灣和潟湖等沉積環(huán)境均可發(fā)育煤，成煤環(huán)境控制了煤的類型、煤質(zhì)、煤層連續(xù)性、煤層厚度及煤層頂、底板巖性。鏡質(zhì)組含量是影響煤層含氣量和煤層物性的重要因素。煤級(jí)是泥炭遭受成巖和變質(zhì)作用的反映，與煤層含氣量、滲透率、孔隙度及煤巖力學(xué)性能密切相關(guān)。煤層厚度、孔隙度、滲透率、壓力、含氣量、含氣飽和度及煤的工業(yè)分析作為煤層氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)的主要儲(chǔ)層參數(shù)，不但是優(yōu)選煤層氣甜點(diǎn)的重要指標(biāo)，而且決定了一個(gè)煤層氣田或項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)采方式和產(chǎn)氣量。

關(guān)鍵詞：煤層氣；煤級(jí)；儲(chǔ)層；煤的工業(yè)分析；煤層含氣量

中圖分類號(hào)：P618.11

作者簡(jiǎn)介：第一李軍(1980年生)，男，工程師，2008年畢業(yè)于中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(武漢)，主要從事煤礦地質(zhì)研究。聯(lián)系人趙文光的郵箱：Zhaowenguang@petrochina.com.cn。

Coal Formation Background and CBM Reservoir Characteristics

Li Jun1, Zhao Wenguang2, Li Na3, Hong Guoliang2

(1.HuiyongHoldingGroupCo.,Ltd.,Beijing100097,China；2.PetroChinaResearchInstituteofPetroleum

Exploration&Development，Beijing100083,China；3.DongxinOilProductionPlant,Sinopec

ShengliOilfieldCompany,ShandongDongying257000,China)

Abstracts：Coalbed methane, a continuous hydrocarbon accumulation dominated by gas absorption, is a kind of unconventional natural featuring in self-generating and self-preserving. CBM generation is based on tectonics, sedimentation, maceral and rank of coal. CBM concentrates in internal syncline of coal-bearing basins, low-amplitude structure, anticlines, faults in slopes, or the high-permeability areas where folds developed. Coal also developed in such sedimentary environment as alluvial fan, braided river, estuary and lagoon. Coal-generating environment controls the type, quality, continuity, thickness, roof and floor’s lithology of coal. Vitrinite content mainly affects gas content and physical properties of coal reservoir. Coal rank is the result of coal diagenesis and metamorphism, which is closely related to gas content, permeability, porosity and mechanical properties of coal. Coal thickness, porosity, permeability, pressure, gas content, gas saturation and proximate analysis of coal are parameters for CBM exploration and development. They are not only important indicators for selecting CBM sweet spots, but also affect CBM exploitation and yield.

Key words: CBM; coal rank; reservoir; proximate analysis of coal; coalbed gas content

煤層氣是賦存在煤層中，原始賦存狀態(tài)以吸附在煤基質(zhì)顆粒表面為主，以游離于煤割理、裂縫和孔隙中或溶解于煤層水中為輔，并以甲烷(CH4)為主要成分的烴類氣體[1]。……