趙學濤,楊從容,任曉亮,李 明,解曉元,巨紅妹
(1.河北醫(yī)科大學第四醫(yī)院輸血科,河北 石家莊 050011;2.河北醫(yī)科大學第四醫(yī)院放療科,河北 石家莊 050011)
紅細胞輸注對肝癌患者CD4+T輔助細胞免疫功能的影響
趙學濤1,楊從容2,任曉亮1,李明1,解曉元1,巨紅妹1
(1.河北醫(yī)科大學第四醫(yī)院輸血科,河北 石家莊 050011;2.河北醫(yī)科大學第四醫(yī)院放療科,河北 石家莊 050011)
[摘要]目的探討輸入異體紅細胞對肝癌患者外周靜脈血中CD4+輔助性T淋巴細胞(helper T cells,Th)向Th1/Th2細胞亞群分化和相應細胞因子分泌的影響。方法選取45例肝細胞癌患者,其中未輸血患者20例(未輸血組),輸入過異體紅細胞患者25例(輸血組)。應用流式細胞儀檢測2組患者外周血Th1(CD4+IFN-γ+)、Th2(CD4+IL-4+)的含量。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定法檢測2組患者外周血白細胞介素2(interleukin 2,IL-2)、干擾素γ(interferon-γ,INF-γ) 、IL-12(Th1型細胞因子)以及IL-4、IL-6、IL-10(Th2型細胞因子)的水平。結果輸血組Th1含量較未輸血組明顯降低(P<0.01),而Th2含量較未輸血組則明顯升高(P<0.01),但2組Th/CD4+T水平變化不明顯(P>0.05)。同時,輸血組IL-2、INF-γ和IL-12的水平明顯低于未輸血組(P<0.01),IL-4、IL-6和IL-10的水平明顯高于未輸血組(P<0.01)。結論輸入異體紅細胞可導致肝癌患者體內Th1/Th2平衡向Th2偏移,同時Th1亞群免疫反應功能抑制,Th2亞群免疫反應功能亢進。臨床上應盡量減少肝癌患者紅細胞輸注,以減輕對患者的免疫抑制。
[關鍵詞]肝腫瘤;紅細胞輸注;T淋巴細胞,輔助誘導
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2015.07.016
肝癌是嚴重威脅人類健康的主要疾病之一,也是癌癥死亡的主要原因[1]。肝癌患者常出現(xiàn)進行性貧血,臨床多給予大量異體紅細胞輸注治療。然而大量回顧性研究表明異體輸血會降低機體免疫力,增加癌癥復發(fā)率和轉移率[2],其具體機制尚不明確。輔助性T淋巴細胞(helper T cells,Th)的功能分化是機體免疫調節(jié)作用中的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一。其中Th1和Th2細胞亞群的平衡直接影響機體的免疫功能,并且與疾病狀態(tài)密切相關[3]。對于腫瘤患者,如Th1細胞活躍,則機體處于抵抗狀態(tài),反之則為易感狀態(tài)。異體紅細胞輸注對肝癌患者CD4+Th向Th1/Th2細胞亞群分化及其相應細胞因子的影響目前尚未見報道,本研究擬針對這一環(huán)節(jié)進行探討。報告如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選取2013年5月—2014年10月我院住院的肝癌患者45例,其中男性29例,女性16例,年齡46~74歲,中位年齡61歲。所有患者均經(jīng)病理確診為肝細胞癌。TNM臨床分期均為Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,無淋巴結轉移。全部患者未進行任何抗腫瘤治療,且近3個月未使用免疫增強劑。45例患者中20例未進行過輸血治療,為未輸血組,其中男性13例,女性7例,年齡46~69歲,平均(56.00±5.87)歲;25例曾輸注過異體紅細胞,平均輸血量2~4 U,為輸血組,其中男性16例,女性9例,年齡47~74歲,平均(58.00±6.94)歲。2組性別、年齡比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2Th1、Th2細胞檢測方法清晨空腹狀態(tài)下留取患者外周靜脈血5 mL肝素鈉抗凝,1 h內開始預處理。①刺激培養(yǎng): 取抗凝混勻全血1 mL+含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640液(Gibco公司)1 mL+BFA10 μL/ mL+PMA20 μg/L+離子霉1 mg/L吹打混勻,5%CO2、37 ℃孵育5 h。②胞外染色:將刺激培養(yǎng)的標本分為3管,各500 μL用PBS洗1遍,1 200 r/min離心5 min,吸上清。每管加PEcy7-anti-CD4 抗體10 μL振蕩混勻,室溫避光15 min。③溶血及破膜:每管加10倍稀釋的FACS溶血素2 mL,室溫避光10 min,1 500 r/min離心5 min,棄上清。1%多聚甲醛固定細胞,各管加10倍稀釋的FACS通透劑0.5 mL室溫避光10 min,加PBS 2 mL,1 500 r/min離心5 min,棄上清。④胞內染色:設1管為對照管,加同型對照FITC-anti-IgG2a/PE-anti-IgG1抗體(eBioscience公司)10 μL,余2管為試驗管,分別加抗體FITC-anti-IFN-γ、PE-anti-IL-4(eBioscience公司)各10 μL混勻后室溫避光30 min。每管加1%多聚甲醛500 μL,流式細胞儀檢測。⑤結果判讀:在CellQuest軟件下獲取1萬個細胞,美國BD流式細胞儀測定淋巴細胞胞內和胞膜各種熒光素的熒光強度。用PEcy7標記的CD4單抗和側向角散射光雙參數(shù)圈出CD4陽性細胞群,空白對照和陰性對照消除自發(fā)熒光和非特異熒光,Dot2Plot點圖測Th1( CD4+IFN-γ+)、Th2(CD4+IL-4+)細胞百分比。
1.3細胞因子測定清晨空腹狀態(tài)下留取患者外周靜脈血5 mL,不加抗凝劑,經(jīng)3 500 r/min離心5 min,取血清2~3 mL。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法檢測細胞因子白細胞介素2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、干擾素γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、IL-12(Th1型細胞因子)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10(Th2型細胞因子)的含量,操作步驟按檢測說明書進行。

2結果
2.12組Th1、Th2細胞水平比較輸血組Th1細胞水平與未輸血組比較明顯降低(P<0.01),Th2水平與未輸血組比較顯著升高(P<0.01),2組Th/CD4+T水平變化差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表1。
表12組Th1、Th2細胞水平比較
Table 1Comparison of Th1 and Th2 levels between two groups


組別例數(shù)Th1(%)Th2(%)Th1/Th2Th/CD4+T未輸血組2025.35±2.4521.23±3.391.31±0.2747.35±3.61輸血組 2520.02±3.6426.32±5.640.87±0.2249.10±5.59t5.4403.4605.9300.990P0.0000.0010.0000.330
2.22組細胞因子含量比較輸血組肝癌患者血清IL-2、TNF-γ及IL-12含量明顯低于未輸血組,IL-4、IL-6和IL-10含量顯著高于未輸血組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),見表2。
表22組血清中細胞因子水平比較
Table 2Comparison of cytokine levels between two groups


組別例數(shù)IL-2(μg/L)IFN-γ(μg/L)IL-12(ng/L)IL-4(μg/L)IL-6(μg/L)IL-10(μg/L)未輸血組2017.19±4.2067.48±9.91145.51±11.551235.01±10.7214.78±2.9010.45±2.53輸血組 2512.44±4.9145.72±4.31128.64±12.29253.08±19.9710.58±1.5915.73±4.29t3.4309.8904.6303.5806.1624.870P0.0010.0000.0000.0010.0000.000
3討論
異體輸血在發(fā)揮臨床治療作用的同時,也會并發(fā)免疫相關的不良反應,如術后感染率上升、惡性腫瘤復發(fā)率增加、慢性病毒感染的急性發(fā)作等[4-6],這些輸血引起的一系列涉及免疫調節(jié)的反應稱為輸血相關性免疫調節(jié)(transfusion-associated immunomodulation,TRIM)[7]。研究表明異體輸血不僅下調細胞免疫(包括T細胞和巨噬細胞功能),而且下調體液免疫(包括自然殺傷細胞和巨噬細胞),這些免疫調節(jié)作用可以部分解釋TRIM的發(fā)生[8-9]。
CD4+T細胞又稱Th,根據(jù)其分泌的細胞因子和介導的功能可再分為Th1細胞和Th2細胞。Th1細胞主要分泌IL-12、IL-2和IFN-γ,介導細胞免疫。而Th2細胞主要分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10和IL-13等,介導體液免疫[10-12]。同時,Th1細胞分泌的IFN-γ可抑制Th2細胞,而IL-4能抑制Th1。因此,Th1和Th2細胞中一方占了優(yōu)勢,另一方勢必受到抑制,從而使免疫應答表現(xiàn)為以細胞免疫為主或以體液免疫為主的狀態(tài)。Th1和Th2可以互為抑制細胞,Th1和Th2細胞的平衡狀態(tài)直接影響到機體的免疫功能[13]。在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中,細胞免疫是腫瘤免疫的主要組成部分,腫瘤患者Th1細胞及其分泌的細胞因子占優(yōu)勢促進細胞免疫時,機體對腫瘤具有活躍的免疫力,但當Th1/Th2細胞失衡,Th2細胞因子占優(yōu)勢抑制細胞免疫時,機體抗腫瘤免疫反應受到抑制[14-16]。異體輸血導致的TRIM是否與Th1/Th2失衡有關呢?為此,本研究觀察了25例肝癌患者異體紅細胞輸注后對CD4+Th細胞免疫功能的影響,結果顯示,輸血組Th1水平較未輸血組明顯降低,Th2細胞水平明顯升高。表明異體紅細胞輸注提高了Th2反應,而下調了Th1免疫反應,導致Th1向Th2的偏移。本研究結果還顯示輸血組血清中IL-2、TNF-γ、IL-6含量明顯低于未輸血組,IL-4、IL-8、IL-10含量顯著高于未輸血組。表明異體紅細胞輸注導致Th1細胞因子分泌下降,而Th2細胞因子明顯升高,Th1/Th2向Th2偏移,Th2反應占主導。從而證實異體輸血可能通過誘導Th1/Th2失衡而引發(fā)TRIM。
綜上所述,肝癌患者異體紅細胞輸注會改變CD4+Th細胞的免疫反應,導致Th2反應占主導,機體抗腫瘤反應受到抑制,腫瘤轉移和復發(fā)的風險會有所增加。因此,臨床上應盡量減少肝癌患者紅細胞輸注,以減輕對患者的免疫抑制。
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(本文編輯:趙麗潔)
[中圖分類號]R735.7
[文獻標志碼]A
[文章編號]1007-3205(2015)07-0803-04
Influence of red blood cell transfusion on CD4+T-helper cells in liver cancer patients
ZHAO Xue-tao1,YANG Cong-rong2,REN Xiao-liang1,
LI Ming1,XIE Xiao-yuan1,JU Hong-mei1
(1.Department of Blood Transfusion,the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang
050011,China;2.Department of Radiation Oncology,the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical
University,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo study the changes of Th1/Th2 subsets and cytokines of CD4+T-helper cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after blood transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells.MethodsThere were 45 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,including 20 cases without blood transfusion(non-transfusion group) and 25 cases with blood transfusion of allogeneic red cells(transfusion group).The Th1 and Th2 in peripheral blood were examined in 45 patients by flow cytometry.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of serum interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-12,interferon-γ(INF-γ),IL-4,IL-6,and IL-10 in 45 patients.IL-2,INF-γ and IL-12 were used to represent cytokines of Th1 type,and IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 to represent cytokines of Th2 type.ResultsThe level of Th1 in transfusion group was significantly lower than that in non-transfusion group(P<0.01),but the level of Th2 in transfusion group was significantly higher than that in non-transfusion group(P<0.01).The change of Th/CD4+T in two groups was not significant(P>0.05).The level of IL-2,TNF-γ and IL-12 in transfusion group were significantly lower than those in non-transfusion group(P<0.01),but the levels of IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in transfusion group than those in non-transfusion group(P<0.01).ConclusionBlood transfusion of allogeneic red cells induces a shift of the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance.At the same time,subpopulation Th1 immune response was suppressed,Th2 subsets showed overactive immune response.Transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells should be avoided in liver cancer patients to reduce the immune suppression of blood transfusion.
[Key words]liver neoplasms;erythrocyte transfusion;T-lymphocytes,helper-inducer