馬海英
摘 要:義務(wù)教育《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對語言知識功能意念項(xiàng)目的要求是這樣的:“在交際中恰當(dāng)理解和運(yùn)用本級別所列功能意念的語言表達(dá)形式?!背踔杏⒄Z教材中的“so that” 與“so......that......”被列在附錄4第十項(xiàng)邏輯關(guān)系中;因此它經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在全國各地的中考試題中,并且在高學(xué)段的閱讀教材里,它們的身影也頻頻出現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:教學(xué)方法;中考試題;輔導(dǎo)方式
理解它們的含義并且正確的使用它們,對面臨中考的同學(xué)們來說,尤為重要;但是這對貌似的“兄弟”,在“性格”上其實(shí)有很大的區(qū)別?,F(xiàn)結(jié)合課本實(shí)例和近幾年的中考試題,將“so that” 與“so......that......”的用法歸納如下:
一、so that可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,表示“以便;為了”,可用in order that代替
1. He invited special medical tools to use outside hospital and close to the fighting areas so that doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. (外研版九年級上冊第三模塊第二單元)
他發(fā)明了在醫(yī)院之外和靠近作戰(zhàn)區(qū)使用的特殊醫(yī)療器械,以便醫(yī)生們可以 更快地治療傷員。
2. He developed training courses for local doctors and nurses,and wrote books so that they could learn about how he treated the sick. (外研版九年級上冊第三模塊第二單元)
他為當(dāng)?shù)氐尼t(yī)生和護(hù)士研發(fā)了培訓(xùn)課程,還寫了一些書,以便他們能了解他是如何治療病人的。
從以上例句中我們可以看出,so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)有一個(gè)特點(diǎn):從句中一般都含有表示可能性的詞語,比如上兩句中的could。其他可以表示可能性的詞語還有may,might,will,can等。中考鏈接:
1.The little boy saved every coin he could buy his mother a present on Mothers Day.(用所給的短語填空,每個(gè)短語只能用一次。2003年大連市中考試題 答案:so that)
2.They develop their skill they can do things better and better.(2011年山東德州市中考試題 答案:D )
A.however B.because C.since D.so that
二、so that可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,表示“因此,所以”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),不能與 in order that 換用;從句中謂語根據(jù)需要使用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài),主從句間可有逗號相隔。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的用法,在外研版初中教材里面由so代替
1.She trained hard,so she became a great player later.(外研版九年級上冊第三模塊第一單元)
她努力訓(xùn)練,所以后來她成了一名偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
2.At that time,there were few doctors,so he had to work very hard on his own. (外研版九年級上冊第三模塊第二單元)
那時(shí)候醫(yī)生很少,所以他不得不獨(dú)自一人艱辛工作。
三、So......that......引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
So......that......結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“如此......以至于......”。so 后接形容詞或副詞,表示程度;that后接從句,表示這一程度造成的影響。
1.My clock rings so loudly that it will certainly wake me up.(外研版九年級上冊第四模塊第一單元)
我的鬧鐘如此響,以至于它肯定會(huì)叫醒我的。
2.The work was so difficult that he could not finish it on time.(外研版九年級上冊第四模塊第三單元)
這項(xiàng)工作是如此的困難,以至于他不能按時(shí)完成它。
從以上例句中我們可以看出,so......that...... 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)有一個(gè)特點(diǎn):如果主句中的動(dòng)詞是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,so后面跟的就必須是副詞。如句1中的ring是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,所以so后面必須是副詞loudly來修飾實(shí)意動(dòng)詞ring;如果主句中的動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞,so后面跟的就是形容詞。如句2中的was是連系動(dòng)詞,所以so后面必須是形容詞difficult來做表語。這也是so......that......結(jié)構(gòu)的另一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn),也是大部分學(xué)生比較困惑的地方。中考鏈接:
1.Zhou Libo is Shanghais favorite funny man.His is good at making people laugh.His lively shows were hot that tickets sold out in minutes. (2011年山東臨沂中考試題 答案:D )
A.very B.too C.such D.so
2.---- You study hard youre sure to pass the exam.
---- Thank you for saying so. (2011年福州市中考試題 答案:C )
A.enough...to B.as...as C.so...that
鞏固練習(xí):
1.Mr Green speaks very loudly all the people can hear him.(2011年黑龍江綏化市)
A.when B.so that C.because
2.Teresa is nervous she cant talk in front of the class. (2012年貴州貴陽市)
A.such, that B.too, to C.so, that
3.Li Na is famous all the tennis fans in China know her.(2013年 山東濱州市)
A.too, to B. Enough, to C.as, as D.so, that
4.He was tired he could not go on walking.(2013年 四川遂寧市)
A.too, to B.such, that C.so, that
5.---- Susan,what are the advantages of MP5 players?
---- Mom!They are smaller and lighter they can be carried very easily.(2013年 海南三亞市)
A.unless B.if C.until D.so that
(答案:1-5 BCDCD)
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]義務(wù)教育《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2011年版) 中華人民共和國教育部制定 北京師范大學(xué)出版集團(tuán).