李衛東

摘 要:石油在我國能源構成中占有重要地位,油料易燃、易爆、易揮發,容易引發油庫火災爆炸事故。減輕和消除此類事故的風險與危害,對油庫安全管理和運行具有重要意義。介紹了故障樹分析方法并將其應用于油庫火災爆炸事故安全評價。建立了包含44個基本事件的油庫火災爆炸故障樹,采用“成功樹法”計算了最小徑集和結構重要度,根據計算結果分析提出了風險控制方案和事故預防措施,為保障油庫安全提供了科學的依據,具有一定的現場指導意義。
關 鍵 詞:油庫; 火災爆炸; 故障樹; 安全; 預防措施
中圖分類號:TE 687 文獻標識碼: A 文章編號: 1671-0460(2015)07-1609-03
Study on Fire and Explosive Accidents
of Oil Depots Based on Fault Tree Analysis
LI Wei-dong
(National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China)
Abstract: Petroleum plays an important role in China's energy structure; oil can easily cause fire and explosive accidents due to its inflammability, explosivity and effumability. Reducing and eliminating the hazard of these accidents is pretty significant for secure management and operation of oil depots. In this paper, the fault tree analysis was introduced and applied into the security assessment of fire and explosive accidents of oil depots. A fault tree including 44 basic events was built, and minimal radius sets and structural importance were calculated by success tree method. Risk controlling plans and accident prevention measures were put forward according to the analysis of calculation outcomes.
Key words: Oil depot; Fire and explosive accidents; Fault tree; Security; Prevention measures
在我國的能源構成中,石油占有重要地位。油庫是儲存油料的主要方式,油料易燃、易爆、易揮發,這些潛在危險因素可能造成火災爆炸事故,具有巨大的危害性。目前油罐不斷向大型化方向發展,許多新建油罐都是10×104m3以上的大罐,一旦發生事故,造成的損失難以估計。因此減輕和消除這些風險與危害,建立科學合理的油庫安全分析評價系統,對油庫安全管理和運行具有重要意義[1]。
近年來發展出了多種油庫安全評價方法:段彥斌將模糊數學和層次分析法引入到石油庫風險評價中[2];劉明成在某航油油庫安全綜合評價中采用了BP神經網絡模型[3];汪劍輝等介紹了DOW火災爆炸指數評價法的原理、程序及計算步驟[4]。隨著可靠性理論的興起和發展,基于故障樹的油庫可靠性和安全性評價方法應用日益廣泛?!?br>