張松濤 田鈞 宋樹祥



摘 要: 為克服稀疏信標結點和測距誤差問題,提出了一個距離約束定位算法。該算法先借助多跳以外的信標結點進行傳感器結點初始位置估算;然后利用直接鄰居信息進行結點位置迭代更新。為了提高定位準確性,新算法引入了一些改進措施。在初始位置估算階段,引入合理的可信度權值因素。在結點位置迭代更新階段,只選擇部分可靠鄰居結點用于鄰居結點距離檢測,并有選擇性地用上次迭代結果作為最新定位結果。仿真結果表明,與以前算法相比,新算法能降低定位誤差。
關鍵詞: 無線傳感器網絡; 定位; 距離約束; 迭代
中圖分類號:TP393 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1006-8228(2015)09-08-04
Distance constraint localization algorithm in wireless sensor network
Zhang Songtao1, Tian Jun1, Song Shuxiang2
(1. Dept. of Electronic and Information Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, Guangdong 528137, China;
2. College of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi Normal University)
Abstract: In order to overcome the problem of sparse anchors and ranging error, a distance constrained localization algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, the initial position of sensor nodes is estimated by using the anchors beyond the multi-hop, then the position of sensor nodes is updated by using the direct neighbor information. In order to improve the accuracy of localization, the new algorithm introduces some improvement measures. In the initial position estimation stage, the reasonable reliability weighting factor is introduced. In the node position iteration, only some selected reliable neighbor nodes are used to detect the distance to neighbor nodes, and the results of the last iteration are selectively used as the most recent results. Simulation results show that the new algorithm can reduce the localization error compared with the previous algorithms.
Key words: wireless sensor network; localization; distance constraint; iteration
0 引言
由大量傳感器結點協(xié)同合作構成的無線傳感器網絡,在工農業(yè)控制、軍事國防、生物醫(yī)療、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、搶險救災等諸多領域有著廣泛的應用前景[1-2]。各結點感知數(shù)據、傳回數(shù)據,并在中心結點進行分析處理,成為各種應用的一種基本途徑。所以,沒有位置信息的測量數(shù)據會造成中心結點或中央處理器不知道測量數(shù)據發(fā)生的精確地點或大致范圍,使測量數(shù)據失去意義。而且,各結點的位置信息有助于網絡數(shù)據融合[3]、路由[4]、覆蓋[5]等算法的改善。
在一個傳感器網絡中,通常只有一小部分結點采用全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS技術或其他方式獲得結點自身位置信息(這部分結點我們稱為信標結點),其他絕大多數(shù)普通結點沒有自己的位置信息。估算普通結點的位置正是傳感器網絡定位技術要解決的問題。……