妙用“學生式”例句教學詞匯

李娟

【關鍵詞】學生式;詞匯例句;遷移

【中圖分類號】G633.4 【文獻標志碼】A 【文章編號】1005-6009（2015）34-0078-01

2009年江蘇英語高考單項選擇有一題考查短語“break up”，為“分手”之意。筆者做過班級統計，所任兩個班級102名學生該題全部得分，無一人失分。詢問學生時，學生不假思索地答出：“Zhang Bo（班上一男孩名）and Wang fang（班上一女孩名）broke up.”原來，在教“break up/down/in/away”短語辨析時，曾讓學生自由造句，當時一名愛開玩笑的男生造出該句，全班同學哄然大笑。此后教學中“break up”短語多次復現時，筆者就一直沿用該例句來加深學生記憶。學生對此詞匯的掌握程度引發了筆者對“學生式”例句的思考。

我歸納“學生式”例句的特點有通俗性、典型性、趣味性和遷移性。這種來自學生的語言實踐更能引起學生的共鳴，有利于提高學生對于語言知識的識記效果。

我主要嘗試了以下四種“學生式”例句來助力詞匯（語法）教學。

1.造句競賽法。

【例1】教授“while”一詞如下兩種用法

①教師例句示范：That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.學生例句摘選：★Sun Jun likes reading while Dai Tao prefers playing computer games.（Sun Jun，Dai Tao均為班內學生）★Sun Jun loves power while Dai Tao prefers beauty.孫駿愛江山，然而戴濤更愛美人。（開Dai Tao玩笑，全班哄然大笑，后來班級同學通過這個“江山美人”例句記住了while一詞的用法。）

②教師例句示范：While I understand what you say，I cant agree with you.學生例句摘選：★While I dont like English，I find it very useful. ★While I have many shortcomings，Im still a good boy.★While Ye Ting has many girl friends，none of them likes him.（學生開Ye Ting玩笑，后班上有同學將此歸納為“葉挺”句型）

2.句型轉換法。

【例2】教授“同義表達”

Taiwan is part of China，as is known to us all.→As is known to us all，Taiwan is part of China.→Taiwan，as is known to us all，is part of China.→It is known to us all that Taiwan is part of China.→What is known to us all is that Taiwan is part of China.（因為班上有一名臺灣籍學生，該句型被命名為“臺灣句型”，全班學生馬上記住了這些句式。）

3.語境記憶法。

【例3】教授“could have done”用法

Dai Tao could have attended my birthday party，but he was busy preparing for his final exam.

4.詞匯遷移法。

【例4】教授“分詞作原因狀語”用法

學生佳句：Lost in thought，he almost ran into a tree in front of him.

教師分析：找出基本詞組be lost in（埋頭于;專心于），可轉換為 lose oneself in，相當于As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a tree in front of him.學生對之進行句式遷移，如：Absorbed in playing computer games，I failed the physics exam./Devoted to playing tennis，he made much progress./Tired of drinking coffee，Id like to have a cup of tea.

總之，新課程下教師要改變教學觀念，相信學生，敢于放手，盡量改變教師“一言堂”和“滿堂問”的情況，做學生的助教。

（作者單位：江蘇省太倉高級中學）