石遠(yuǎn)凱 史幼梧
·特約綜述·
自體造血干細(xì)胞移植治療惡性淋巴瘤的臨床研究進(jìn)展*
石遠(yuǎn)凱史幼梧

石遠(yuǎn)凱教授腫瘤學(xué)博士、腫瘤內(nèi)科主任醫(yī)師、教授、博士研究生導(dǎo)師。現(xiàn)任中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院腫瘤醫(yī)院副院長、國家抗腫瘤藥物臨床研究機構(gòu)副主任、抗腫瘤分子靶向藥物臨床研究北京市重點實驗室主任、中國醫(yī)師協(xié)會腫瘤醫(yī)師分會會長、中國抗癌協(xié)會常務(wù)理事和學(xué)術(shù)部部長、中國抗癌協(xié)會腫瘤臨床化療專業(yè)委員會主任委員、中國抗癌協(xié)會淋巴瘤專業(yè)委員會副主任委員、中國老年學(xué)學(xué)會老年腫瘤學(xué)業(yè)委員會副主任委員、中國藥學(xué)會抗腫瘤藥物專業(yè)委員會主任委員、中國藥學(xué)會藥物臨床評價研究專業(yè)委員會副主任委員、亞洲臨床腫瘤學(xué)會副主席、國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局藥品審評專家、國家“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”科技重大專項GCP組和化藥組責(zé)任專家等學(xué)術(shù)職務(wù)。主要從事實體腫瘤的內(nèi)科治療、抗腫瘤新藥的臨床研究、自體造血干細(xì)胞移植、腫瘤治療相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)化性研究等,承擔(dān)30多項國家各級科研課題、以第一完成人獲得10項省部級科技成果獎,發(fā)表文章300余篇,主編著作14部。
高劑量治療聯(lián)合自體造血干細(xì)胞移植(high-dose therapy/autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HDT/AHSCT)是目前治療復(fù)發(fā)/難治侵襲性淋巴瘤的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案。然而,HDT/AHSCT作為淋巴瘤一線治療的地位尚存在爭議,對于其在不同亞型淋巴瘤中的應(yīng)用仍有很多問題需要解決。本文就HDT/AHSCT治療惡性淋巴瘤的臨床研究進(jìn)展作系統(tǒng)回顧。
自體造血干細(xì)胞移植淋巴瘤治療
Correspondence to:Yuankai SHI;E-mail:syuankai@cicams.ac.cn
Department of Medical Oncology,Cancer Institute/Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Beijing Union Medi-cal College,the National New Drug(Anti-neoplastic)Clinical Research Center;Beijing Key Laboratory of Antineoplastic Molec-ular Targeted Drug Clinical Research,Beijing 100021,China
This work was supported by the National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the"9th Five-Year Plan"(A20199610396-906-01-12);the Ministry of Health Special Fund for Outstanding Young Scientific Talents(B121994002);the Initial Fund of Returned Students from Ministry of Personnel(B311994001);the Special Scientific Funds of the Ministry of Edu cation for Doctorship-Conferring Unit of Higher Education Institutions(20010023018,20050023045,and B201995002);and the
Fok Ying-Tung Education Foundation for the Young Teachers in the Institutions of Higher Learning(B231996001)
惡性淋巴瘤(malignant lymphoma,ML)是一組淋巴結(jié)和(或)結(jié)外部位淋巴組織免疫細(xì)胞的惡性腫瘤的總稱,按組織病理學(xué)可分為:霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma,HL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)。ML屬于對化放療敏感的惡性腫瘤,常規(guī)化放療可以使相當(dāng)部分的患者獲得長期生存,然而其余的患者往往對常規(guī)治療反應(yīng)不佳,最終因疾病進(jìn)展或復(fù)發(fā)而死亡。基于Goldie-Coldman假說,即某些細(xì)胞周期非特異性的細(xì)胞毒藥物對腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷符合一級動力學(xué)效應(yīng),人們開始嘗試通過提高化療藥物劑量來爭取獲得更好的療效。然而,高劑量化療在殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞的同時也會對骨髓造血和免疫功能造成摧毀性打擊。自體造血干細(xì)胞移植(autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,AHSCT)的核心技術(shù)是首先采集患者自身的造血干細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行體外凍存,待患者經(jīng)過高劑量化療或聯(lián)合全身放療(total body irradiation,TBI)或全淋巴結(jié)放療(total lymphoid irradiation,TLI)后再將其回輸至患者體內(nèi),使患者的造血和免疫功能得以恢復(fù)和重建,從而在保證患者安全的前提下,最大限度地殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞,提高治療效果。1978年,Appelbaum等[1]首次報道了高劑量治療(high-dose therapy,HDT)聯(lián)合自體骨髓移植治療NHL,可使部分常規(guī)化療無法治愈的患者獲得長期無病生存,由此開啟了AHSCT在淋巴瘤治療中的應(yīng)用。此后,大量的臨床研究證實了HDT/AHSCT在ML治療中的地位,也使得AHSCT的適應(yīng)證更加明確,治療安全性和有效性不斷提高。本文就近幾年AHSCT治療幾種常見亞型ML的療效與預(yù)后研究進(jìn)展予以系統(tǒng)回顧。
AHSCT是復(fù)發(fā)/耐藥HL的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療,既往的前瞻性隨機對照研究已經(jīng)肯定了其治療價值[2-3]。Czyz等[4]回顧性分析了132例復(fù)發(fā)/難治HL患者接受以BEAM方案預(yù)處理的AHSCT治療,10年總生存(overall survival,OS)和10年無進(jìn)展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)分別為76%和66%。William等[5]總結(jié)了1984年至2007年225例AHSCT后無病生存2年以上的HL患者的研究資料,觀察到了良好的長期預(yù)后,其中預(yù)處理以BEAM方案優(yōu)于CBV方案,10年的PFS分別為79%和59%(P=0.01),10年OS分別為84%和66% (P=0.02)。
AHSCT治療失敗的HL患者預(yù)后往往不佳。Moskowitz等[6]總結(jié)了202例接受AHSCT治療的復(fù)發(fā)/難治HL患者,其中71例移植后疾病進(jìn)展,移植后中位隨訪26(18~124)個月時,僅23%移植后進(jìn)展的患者獲得生存。一項包含511例AHSCT后復(fù)發(fā)的HL患者的研究顯示,與移植后長期生存相關(guān)的獨立危險因素分別為:移植后早期復(fù)發(fā)(6個月內(nèi))、Ⅳ期、大腫塊、PS評分低和復(fù)發(fā)時年齡(大于50歲)。不伴上述危險因素和伴有1個及2個以上危險因素患者的5年OS分別為62%、37%和12%[7]。Porrata等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AHSCT后第100天外周血中淋巴細(xì)胞絕對計數(shù)與單個核細(xì)胞絕對計數(shù)的比值(ALC/AMC)可作為獨立的預(yù)后指標(biāo),該數(shù)值≥1.3的患者與<1.3的患者相比,5年OS(93%vs.35%)和PFS(79%vs.27%)均存在顯著差異(P<0.000 1)。另外,Gentzler等[9]的研究肯定了移植前正電子發(fā)射型計算機斷層顯像(positron emission tomography,PET)的預(yù)測價值,該研究中經(jīng)典型HL患者接受TLI聯(lián)合AHSCT治療,移植前PET評估達(dá)完全緩解(complete remission,CR)患者的5年P(guān)FS 和OS分別高達(dá)85%和100%。
AHSCT一線治療具有預(yù)后不良因素HL的地位在HD01研究中就得出了比較明確的結(jié)論:AHSCT組與傳統(tǒng)化療組相比,在5年無治療失敗生存率、無復(fù)發(fā)生存率和OS上均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異[10]。其后的研究也得出了相似的結(jié)論。2008年Arakelyan等[11]報道了一項Ⅱ期前瞻性臨床研究結(jié)果:158例初治高危的HL患者隨機分入3個周期VABEM方案+低劑量淋巴結(jié)放療組以及4個周期ABVD方案+AHSCT組,5年無治療失敗率分別為79%和75%,5年OS分別為87%和86%,均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。因此,對于具有預(yù)后不良因素的初治HL,常規(guī)治療能獲得較好預(yù)后,一線應(yīng)用AHSCT未能進(jìn)一步提高療效。
2.1濾泡淋巴瘤(follicular lymphoma,F(xiàn)L)
FL占所有惰性淋巴瘤60%,病程呈慢性進(jìn)展、易復(fù)發(fā),傳統(tǒng)治療很難治愈。基于CUP的研究結(jié)果[12],目前普遍認(rèn)同AHSCT是復(fù)發(fā)FL患者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)挽救治療。利妥昔單抗(Rituximab,R)已廣泛應(yīng)用在FL的治療中,但對于AHSCT療效的影響仍不明確。Le Gouill等[13]回顧性分析了GELA/GOELAMS FL2000研究中175例一線治療后首次復(fù)發(fā)的FL患者的資料,評估既往利妥昔單抗暴露對AHSCT二線解救療效的影響,結(jié)果顯示,無論一線是否應(yīng)用過利妥昔單抗,復(fù)發(fā)后接受AHSCT治療均能使3年OS獲得顯著提高。在另一項回顧性研究中,100例復(fù)發(fā)/難治的FL患者經(jīng)AHSCT挽救治療獲得了良好的長期生存,移植后5年無事件生存(event-free survival,EFS)和OS分別為56%和70%[14]。其中,既往利妥昔單抗治療失敗與預(yù)后并不相關(guān),而移植后6個月內(nèi)應(yīng)用利妥昔單抗是獨立的預(yù)后相關(guān)因素。Kothari等[15]也進(jìn)行了相似的研究,結(jié)果同樣顯示移植前是否應(yīng)用利妥昔單抗的兩組FL患者在移植后OS和PFS均無差異;同時該研究也提出,不論AHSCT前利妥昔單抗的暴露情況如何,病程早期移植的FL患者最受益于AHSCT,部分患者甚至可能獲得治愈。
一項前瞻性隨機對照研究評估了利妥昔單抗體內(nèi)凈化和移植后維持治療在FL治療中的療效及安全性[16]。該研究中280例復(fù)發(fā)FL患者移植前隨機分入4周利妥昔單抗(375 mg/m2qw)體內(nèi)凈化組和觀察組,移植后又隨機分為利妥昔單抗維持治療組(375 mg/m2q2m,共4次)和觀察組,結(jié)果顯示:AHSCT后利妥昔單抗維持治療安全有效,維持治療組與觀察組10年P(guān)FS分別為54%和37%(P=0.012),但OS無差異;而利妥昔單抗體內(nèi)凈化并未改善生存,無論PFS 或OS。
AHSCT在FL一線治療中的地位一直未得到肯定[17-19]。一項針對晚期FL患者一線應(yīng)用AHSCT療效的薈萃分析研究收集了7項前瞻性隨機對照研究的結(jié)果,其中3項中等證據(jù)級別的研究(n=701)顯示AHSCT不能提高OS,而4項低證據(jù)級別的研究(n= 941)顯示AHSCT能夠改善EFS[20]。另一項多中心的隨機對照研究評估了TBI聯(lián)合利妥昔單抗體內(nèi)凈化的AHSCT一線治療FL的效果,結(jié)果顯示:AHSCT較常規(guī)化療能夠顯著提高9年P(guān)FS(64%vs.39%;P= 0.004),但由于移植后第二惡性腫瘤發(fā)生率增高,移植組未能獲得總生存的優(yōu)勢[21]。同時,該研究發(fā)現(xiàn),移植組PFS在7年后出現(xiàn)平臺期,提示部分患者可能通過一線HDT/AHSCT獲得治愈,而相應(yīng)的預(yù)后影響因素仍需進(jìn)一步研究確定。基于現(xiàn)有循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù),目前仍不推薦AHSCT作為FL的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一線治療。2.2彌漫大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)
DLBCL是最常見的侵襲性NHL。AHSCT對于復(fù)發(fā)的侵襲性NHL的治療價值由1995年報道的PARMA研究結(jié)果得以確立[22],AHSCT成為60歲以下敏感復(fù)發(fā)NHL患者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方式。
對于AHSCT作為侵襲性NHL的一線鞏固治療的地位,2007年Greb等[23]發(fā)表了對其收集的15項前瞻性隨機對照研究的薈萃分析結(jié)果,研究共納入2 728例患者,結(jié)論為對于預(yù)后良好的侵襲性NHL無證據(jù)支持AHSCT較傳統(tǒng)化療能提高生存,這一點已無需進(jìn)一步研究;而對于高危患者,AHSCT是否優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)化療仍存在爭議。2010年UKLG LY02研究結(jié)果顯示:傳統(tǒng)6-8周期CHOP方案化療與3周期CHOP方案繼以AHSCT治療的5年P(guān)FS分別為38%和44%,5年OS均為50%,均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異[24]。同年,Glass等[25]的研究證實加入利妥昔單抗可以改善AHSCT一線治療年輕高危DLBCL患者的預(yù)后,3年EFS(72.7%vs. 47.2%,P=0.013)和OS(78.7%vs.55.0%,P=0.045)均得到顯著提高。因此,隨后的研究將焦點集中在評估美羅華時代AHSCT能否較傳統(tǒng)治療顯示出優(yōu)勢。
2011年法國GOELAMS 075試驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在年輕高危DLBCL患者中,R-HDT/AHSCT方案較R-CHOP-14方案未顯示出優(yōu)勢[26]。2012年德國DSHNHL 2002-1研究隨機比較了R-CHOEP-14方案和R-MegaCHOEP序貫AHSCT方案在60歲以下、年齡調(diào)整的國際預(yù)后指數(shù)(age-adjusted international prognostic index,aaIPI)為2或3分的侵襲性B細(xì)胞NHL患者中的療效,結(jié)果顯示:在聯(lián)合利妥昔單抗情況下,AHSCT較傳統(tǒng)化療并未提高疾病控制率(3年P(guān)FS 61.4%vs.69.5%),卻增加了治療相關(guān)毒性,因此R-CHOEP-14伴(或不伴)放療為此類患者有效的治療選擇[27]。上述研究對AHSCT作為美羅華時代年輕高危侵襲性B細(xì)胞NHL的一線治療地位提出了質(zhì)疑。然而,2013年Stiff等[28]報道的Ⅲ期臨床試驗SWOG 9704研究得出了不同的結(jié)果。該研究比較了CHOP或R-CHOP誘導(dǎo)緩解的aaIPI高危或高中危的侵襲性NHL患者(aaIPI高危或高中危)繼續(xù)予3周期誘導(dǎo)化療(對照組)或1周期化療后續(xù)AHSCT(移植組)的療效,結(jié)果顯示,移植組較對照組有無進(jìn)展生存優(yōu)勢,2年P(guān)FS分別為69%和55%(P=0.005)。然而,由于對照組中47%的復(fù)發(fā)患者接受了AHSCT作為挽救治療,該研究雖未證實早期AHSCT較傳統(tǒng)化療有總生存優(yōu)勢,但早期AHSCT與晚期AHSCT的總生存效應(yīng)大體相似。亞組分析顯示,在高危患者中,兩組在2年P(guān)FS(75%vs.41%,P=0.001)和2年OS (82%vs.64%,P=0.01)均存在顯著差異,其中患者的生存差異與總體呈現(xiàn)出相似的規(guī)律,提示高危DLBCL患者可以從AHSCT治療中獲得生存獲益。
以MYC基因和BCL-2(或BCL-6)基因重排為特征的雙重打擊淋巴瘤(double hit lymphoma,DHL)往往預(yù)后不良[29]。Petric等[30]對311例DHL患者AHSCT治療后的預(yù)后情況進(jìn)行了多中心的回顧性分析,結(jié)果顯示:中位隨訪23個月,全組中位PFS和OS分別為10.9個月和21.9個月;其中,對于初次治療達(dá)完全緩解(first complete remission,CR1)的患者,AHSCT治療未顯示出與提高OS相關(guān)(P=0.14)。
此外,2014年中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院腫瘤醫(yī)院研究發(fā)現(xiàn)移植前外周血單個核細(xì)胞絕對值計數(shù)(AMC-Pre)對接受AHSCT的DLBCL患者具有預(yù)后預(yù)測作用,該研究中86例初治患者接受CHOP或R-CHOP方案誘導(dǎo)化療緩解后進(jìn)行AHSCT治療,結(jié)果顯示AMC-Pre≥0.285×109/L的患者預(yù)后更差(5年OS 70.3%vs.95.5%,P=0.013;5年P(guān)FS 56.7%vs.85.2%,P=0.004)[31]。因此,未來仍需大規(guī)模的前瞻性研究評估AHSCT在DLBCL中的一線治療地位,以及尋找有效的預(yù)后影響因素以進(jìn)一步區(qū)分可能從一線AHSCT中獲益的患者。
2.3套細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(mantle cell lymphoma,MCL)
MCL是一種獨特的病理類型,其生物學(xué)行為和自然病程具有侵襲性特征,而對治療的反應(yīng)類似惰性淋巴瘤,傳統(tǒng)化療無法治愈[32]。自1995年Stewart等[33]首次報道AHSCT治療MCL的研究后,目前已有多項研究表明首次緩解后行AHSCT可以提高M(jìn)CL的治療效果。歐洲一項前瞻性研究將CHOP樣方案誘導(dǎo)緩解的患者隨機分入AHSCT組和IFN-α維持治療組,結(jié)果AHSCT組的PFS顯著延長(39個月vs.17個月,P=0.108),但兩組間無總生存差異[34]。M.D. Anderson癌癥中心的長期隨訪結(jié)果顯示:初次化療緩解后行AHSCT的MCL患者預(yù)后良好,6年P(guān)FS和OS分別達(dá)39%和61%;而對于復(fù)發(fā)難治的患者,AHSCT未取得令人滿意的治療結(jié)果[35]。Fenske等對于最佳移植時機的探索研究也顯示,對于化療敏感的MCL患者,病程早期是最佳移植時機,首次達(dá)CR后行AHSCT能獲得最好的疾病控制和生存獲益[36]。美國國家綜合癌癥網(wǎng)絡(luò)(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)淋巴瘤數(shù)據(jù)庫的一項前瞻性隊列研究同樣顯示,對于年輕初治MCL患者,誘導(dǎo)化療(R-hyperCVAD方案或R-CHOP方案)序貫AHSCT較單純R-CHOP方案能顯著延長PFS[37]。歐洲血液及骨髓移植組(European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation,EBMT)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對于65歲以上的MCL患者,AHSCT也是可行的治療選擇,經(jīng)篩選的適合患者可以獲得與年輕患者相似的疾病控制率與生存率[38]。
移植物中存在腫瘤細(xì)胞污染和移植后體內(nèi)存在微小殘存灶(minimal residual disease,MRD)是AHSCT治療后復(fù)發(fā)的重要原因。近年來,在自體造血干細(xì)胞采集前應(yīng)用利妥昔單抗體內(nèi)凈化和(或)回輸后加用利妥昔單抗消滅MRD方面開展了大量研究。Nordic MCL-2研究報道了160例初治MCL患者,經(jīng)強化方案誘導(dǎo)緩解后接受利妥昔單抗體內(nèi)凈化的AHSCT,6年OS、EFS、PFS分別為70%、56%和66%,中位OS達(dá)10年以上[39,40]。GALGB 59909研究在誘導(dǎo)化療、動員方案以及自體造血干細(xì)胞回輸后均應(yīng)用了利妥昔單抗,治療后觀察到了令人鼓舞的結(jié)果,5年P(guān)FS和OS分別為56%和64%[41]。
基于Nordic MCL-2研究的數(shù)據(jù),Geisler等[42]發(fā)現(xiàn)對于接受強化的一線化療聯(lián)合AHSCT的MCL患者,套細(xì)胞淋巴瘤國際預(yù)后指數(shù)(mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index,MIPI)的生存預(yù)測價值優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)侵襲性淋巴瘤的國際預(yù)后指數(shù)(international prognostic index,IPI)。另一項研究也證實MIPI 與MCL患者移植后的生存情況獨立相關(guān),MIPI評分為低危、中危和高危患者的2.5年OS分別為93%、60%和32%,均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;該研究同時提出經(jīng)MIPI調(diào)整后,強化的誘導(dǎo)化療方案不再是改善預(yù)后的相關(guān)因素[43]。
2.4外周T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(peripheral T-cell lymphoma,PTCL)
PTCL是一組具有很強異質(zhì)性的疾病的總和,在全球范圍內(nèi),約占NHL的10%,亞洲發(fā)病率高于西方,在中國報道的一項1 125例NHL的臨床研究中,PTCL占NHL的27.4%[44]。PTCL對常規(guī)化療療效較差,因此AHSCT作為一線鞏固治療是其重要的治療手段。2009年德國Reimer等[45]報告了AHSCT治療PTCL的前瞻性多中心研究結(jié)果,55例患者接受4~6周期CHOP方案化療后繼以HDT/AHSCT治療,其中48例達(dá)CR,7例達(dá)PR,3年OS和PFS分別為48%和36%。另一項前瞻性研究評估了62例以Ⅲ~Ⅳ期為主的PTCL患者接受AHSCT鞏固治療的療效。中位隨訪76個月時,全組12年的OS為34%;其中,ALK陽性的間變大細(xì)胞淋巴瘤(anaplastic large cell lymphoma,ALCL)患者無論PFS或OS都明顯高于其他組織學(xué)亞型的患者(10年OS 63%vs.21%,P=0.005;10年EFS 54%vs.19%,P=0.006)[46]。之后,北歐淋巴瘤研究組(NLG-T-01研究)評估了除外ALK陽性ALCL的160例初治PTCL患者經(jīng)CHOEP-14誘導(dǎo)治療后繼以AHSCT的療效。115例(72%)誘導(dǎo)緩解后的患者接受了AHSCT作為鞏固治療,5年P(guān)FS和OS分別為44%和51%;各組病理亞型中,ALK陰性ALCL預(yù)后最好,5 年P(guān)FS和OS分別為61%和70%[47]。2014年,中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院回顧性分析了移植前不同緩解狀態(tài)對PTCL療效的影響,結(jié)果顯示CR1后接受AHSCT鞏固治療的患者無論OS或PFS都得到顯著提高,5年OS和PFS分別達(dá)89%和83%。亞組分析顯示,即使除外預(yù)后較好的ALK陽性ALCL患者,CR1組也較其他患者預(yù)后更好(5年OS 82%vs.37%,P=0.009;5年P(guān)FS 83%vs.33%,P=0.008)[48]。同年,Yin等[49]對21項臨床研究共1 021例PTCL患者進(jìn)行了薈萃分析,評估AHSCT在PTCL一線治療中的價值,結(jié)果顯示,與歷史對照相比,HDT/AHSCT具有改善生存的趨勢(HR 0.81,95%CI 0.31-2.13)。預(yù)后分析顯示,一線誘導(dǎo)化療達(dá)CR的患者具有顯著的OS優(yōu)勢(HR 3.17,95% CI 0.92-5.42);另外,根據(jù)IPI對患者進(jìn)行危險度分層,低危組與高危組的OS也存在統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(HR 0.36,95%CI 0.22-0.60,I2 49%)。上述研究提示化療敏感的初治PTCL患者可以從AHSCT一線鞏固治療中獲益。2014年美國NCCN指南也推薦AHSCT作為除外ALK陽性ALCL的PTCL患者CR1后的主要治療選擇[50]。
AHSCT是淋巴瘤治療的重要手段,也是年輕的復(fù)發(fā)/耐藥HL、FL、DLBCL患者的有效治療方法。對于一部分65歲以上的適合的患者,AHSCT也是可行的治療選擇。在免疫化療時代,AHSCT在DLBCL中的一線治療的價值仍存在爭議,尚需大規(guī)模的前瞻性隨機對照研究進(jìn)行評價。盡管一線應(yīng)用AHSCT治療具有預(yù)后不良因素的HL和FL患者仍缺少有力的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)支持,但AHSCT能提高疾病控制率,甚至可能使部分患者獲得治愈。對于復(fù)發(fā)/難治FL患者,利妥昔單抗一線暴露情況不影響AHSCT的療效;移植后利妥昔單抗維持治療能夠提高PFS,但在改善總生存方面沒有優(yōu)勢。利妥昔單抗體內(nèi)凈化和移植后應(yīng)用是有希望清除MRD的治療手段,但尚待大規(guī)模研究來證實和支持其應(yīng)用價值。總之,針對不同的淋巴瘤亞型,未來仍需要開展大量前瞻性臨床試驗繼續(xù)深入研究,使AHSCT在淋巴瘤綜合治療中發(fā)揮更大的作用。
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(2014-10-30收稿)
(2014-12-30修回)
(編輯:楊紅欣)
Clinical research progress in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for malignant lymphoma treatment
Yuankai SHI,Youwu SHI
High-dose therapy(HDT)combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(AHSCT)is a standard treatment for relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma.However,the role of HDT/AHSCT in the first-line treatment of lymphoma remains controversial,and related issues about its application in different subtypes of lymphoma should be addressed.This article briefly reviewed the clinical progress inAHSCT for malignant lymphoma treatment.
autologous,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,lymphoma,treatment
中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)科,國家新藥(抗腫瘤)臨床研究中心;抗腫瘤分子靶向藥物臨床研究北京市重點實驗室(北京市100021)
*本文課題受國家“九·五”攻關(guān)課題(編號:A20199610396-906-01-12)、衛(wèi)生部優(yōu)秀青年科技人材專項基金(編號:B121994002)、人事部歸國留學(xué)人員啟動基金(編號:B311994001)、高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點專項科研基金(編號:20010023018、20050023045、B201995002)、霍英東高等院校青年教師基金(編號:B231996001)資助
石遠(yuǎn)凱syuankai@cicams.ac.cn
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.20142170