曾克輝
在學習定語從句時,許多同學對during which和during which time的用法混淆不清,認為它們沒有什么區別,甚至認為during which time中的time是多余的。其實,during which和during which time在用法上是不一樣的。現歸納如下:
during which的用法
during which相當于during the time/the period/the course of ...,既可用于限制性定語從句,也可用于非限制性定語從句;可指時間,也可指過程或階段等。意為“在……期間,在……過程中,在……階段”等。
1. during which 用于限制性定語從句時,修飾對象為先行詞,先行詞在定語從句中表示“在……期間,在……過程中”。例如:
September and October are the months of the year during which most English people take their holidays.
一年中9、10兩個月是大多數英國人休假的月份。
點撥 句中的during which = and during the time of the months of the year,表示“一年中的這兩個月間”。
In 1988, Vietnam and china fought a brief naval battle during which more than 70 Vietnamese sailors died.
1988年,越南和中國曾進行過一次小規模海戰,70多名越南士兵在戰斗中喪生。
點撥 句中的during which = and during the course of the brief naval battle,表示“小規模海戰期間”。
2. during which 用于非限制性定語從句時,不修飾整個句子,只修飾句子中的某個詞(組),被修飾的詞(組),在從句中表“在……期間,在……過程中”。例如:
She kept her vow for a week, during which she was unusually cross and fretful.
她信守誓言有一星期之久,但在這一星期內,她顯得五心煩躁,動不動就發脾氣。
點撥 句中的during which=and during the time of the week,表示“在這一星期期間”。
He died in the Anti-Japanese War, during which my grandfather fought side by side with him.
他在抗日戰爭中為國捐軀,在抗戰期間,我祖父曾與他并肩戰斗過。
點撥 句中的during which=and during the period of the Anti-Japanese War,表示“在抗日戰爭期間”。
during which time的用法
during which time相當于during the time when/that-clause,指時間概念,表示“在……期間”。
1. during which time通常用于非限制性定語從句,修飾前面的主句,側重點不在于主句中的時間名詞,而是整個句子。例如:
It took two years for me to get better, during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house.
我過了兩年時間才好起來,其間他喂我進食,并承擔全部的家務。
點撥 句中的during which time = and during the time when / that it took two years for me to get better 表示“我過了兩年時間才好起來”的整個過程。
He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.
他上了四年大學,這期間他學了醫學。
點撥 句中的during which time=and during the time when / that he spent four years in college,表示“他上了四年大學”的整個過程。