淺談must的其他用法

趙洪濤

摘 要：本文歸納了must的其他用法，并說明了must應(yīng)注意的問題。

關(guān)鍵詞：must；高考真題

中圖分類號(hào)：G632 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B 文章編號(hào)：1002-7661（2015）05-373-01

一、引入問題。

在做冠詞、名詞專題練習(xí)時(shí)，筆者遇到這樣一道選擇題：

The dictionary is____ must for the student of _______English.

A. the； the B.a；a C. a；/ D. the；/

大部分學(xué)生認(rèn)為是D，其原因 for the student of _____English是修飾must作定語，表示特指，所以應(yīng)該用冠定詞。筆者查閱了相關(guān)資料，發(fā)現(xiàn)must作為名詞前一定是用不定冠詞。

梁實(shí)秋《遠(yuǎn)東英漢大辭典》（P1370）解釋：n.必須做（必須看、必須聽）的事。

eg 1） Her singing was a Sunday night must for millions of radio listeners.

2） The new show at the international theatre this week is an absolute must.

陸谷孫《英漢大詞典》下卷 eg. 1） Warm clothes are a must in the mountains .

2）The return of the occupied land is a must. 張道真《現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典》（P2782）1）Green's new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction .

2） A dinner jacket is a must here.

另外，在1996年高考題中曾出現(xiàn)過這樣的句子：Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. （2010高考預(yù)測(cè)卷） To this end， an all-round， balanced and effective reform of the international system is thus __ must to prevent ___ future repeat. A. the； the B. a； the C. a； a D. the； a 此題答案是C，句意是：因此為了防止以后的重復(fù)，對(duì)國(guó)際體系進(jìn)行全面、平衡、有效的改革是必須之事。

二、must的基本用法

1）must通常表示必須（suggest a command or an obligation） 必然、肯定的推測(cè)（a logical conclusion， a strong likelihood）.強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)，其否定式用needn't或don't have to表示。這是最基本的用法，2011年英語高考中共有四道單選題。

（2011，全國(guó)Ⅱ）If you ____ smoke， please go outside.

A. can B. should C. must D. may 答案：C

（2011，遼寧）If you ____ go， at least wait until the storm is over.

A. can B. may C. must D. will 答案：C

（2011，福建）----Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？

----I am afraid you ____， in case he comes late for the meeting.

A. will B. must C. may D. can 答案：B

（2011，福建）---- My teacher says she's canceling the class play， I just

can't understand.

---- ____. You were looking forward to it.

A. It doesn't matter B. It's very unwise of her

C. Don't worry about it D.You must be disappointed 答案：D

（2008，陜西）----What sort of house do you want to have？ Something big？

---- Well， it____ be big—that is not important.

A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.won't 答案：B

（2007，重慶）----What do you think we can do for our aged parents？

---- You ____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

A.don't have to B.oughtn't to C.mustn't D.can't 答案： A

2）否定式mustn't表示“禁止”，強(qiáng)調(diào)不許，可它實(shí)際上是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may（可以）的否定式，通常譯為“不要”、“不可能”。 eg. You mustn't forget to lock

the door.

（2010，陜西）----May I take this book out of the reading room？

---- No， you____. You read it in here.

A.mightn't B.won't C.needn't D.mustn't 答案：D

（2010，重慶） You _____ park here！ It's an emergency exit.

A.wouldn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.mustn't 答案：D

（2006，天津） We _____ have proved great adventures， but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.

A. needn't B.may not C.shouldn't D.mustn't 答案：B

（2008，福建質(zhì)檢Ⅰ）“You ____ smoke in the bedroom.”Rose said to her husband

and pushed him out of the room.

A. needn't B.mustn't C.dare not D.won't 答案：B

3）must后面接進(jìn)行式的動(dòng)詞，表示“馬上就要進(jìn)行”的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式與always， continually， constantly， forever等表示“經(jīng)常”的狀語連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而且?guī)в匈潛P(yáng)或責(zé)備的感情色彩。 eg. You mustn't be talking so much. 你不該講這么多話。表示對(duì)反復(fù)饒舌的責(zé)備的感情。

最后，must還有些用法也值得我們關(guān)注。如作形容詞，意思是“必要的，必不可少的，極其重要的”。

eg.① Let the other work go， this is a must job.

② This is a must book for your reading.

③ a must book for the student of aerodynamic

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] 崔平麗 5年高考3年模擬 2011版 高考英語新課標(biāo)專用

[2] 梁實(shí)秋《遠(yuǎn)東英漢大辭典》

[3] 張道真《現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典》

[3] 陸谷孫《英漢大詞典》