延伸閱讀

延伸閱讀

布里斯班舉辦G20峰會

2014年11月15日至16日，二十國集團（G20）第九次元首峰會在澳大利亞布里斯班舉行，此次峰會的主題是“經濟增長、就業與抗風險”。具體議題包括世界經濟形勢、國際貿易、能源、提高經濟抗風險能力等。峰會將在促進世界經濟增長方面提出新舉措，制定二十國集團全面增長戰略。在構建開放型世界經濟方面形成新共識，繼續反對貿易和投資保護主義，共同維護多邊貿易體制。

G20峰會將使布里斯班更廣泛地被國際社會所了解，從而給當地帶來更多商機，推動當地經濟和社會發展。“布里斯班是一個開放、友好的城市，我們要借助峰會向世界展示自己。”布里斯班市一名政府官員接受記者采訪時這樣說道。峰會期間，G20成員國領導人、國際組織代表參會，約4000名代表團成員、3000位媒體記者齊聚布里斯班。

布里斯班高度重視對華關系，分別在1992年與深圳、2005年與重慶結為友好城市，目前布里斯班的9個友好城市里面中國占有兩個。現任市長庫爾克多次訪問中國，2013年還率領布里斯班45名企業家訪華。近年來，布里斯班與中國的經濟、文化、科技交流越來越密切。據統計，中國企業對澳投資大約有28%集中在昆士蘭州。昆士蘭州豐富的資源是中國企業來澳投資的關鍵原因，同時澳大利亞的旅游勝地大堡礁和黃金海岸都位于昆士蘭州，每年都吸引了大量中國游客，而且以大約每年15%的速度增長。

庫爾克表示：“中國已經成為澳大利亞第一大貿易伙伴、第一大出口市場和第一大進口來源地。與中國建立良好關系將有助于澳大利亞更好地實現自身發展。布里斯班與中國的交流非常密切。我們期待今后能與中國進一步加強合作。”

Introduction of Brisbane

Brisbane, located in the south eastern corner of that state, is the capital of Queensland, the third largest city of Australia, and one of the country's largest seaports. Thanks to its subtropical climate, Brisbane is known as the Sunshine State. Brisbane is Australia's second largest State (1220 square kilometers) and has third largest population (2.2 million) of the country. Although with the fastest population growth in Australia, the population density of Brisbane is less than Sydney and Melbourne. Founded in 1924, the city now becomes one of the most booming cities in Australia and is moving toward diversification and globalization.

Brisbane is a multicultural city, and tries to build a diversified and open image. Brisbane pays much attention to interact with outside world, such as holding the world exposition in 1988, the world friendship sports games and Asia Pacific cities summit in 2001, the G20 summit in 2014 and the Asian cup football matches in 2015. After Shenzhen, Chongqing became the second sister city of Brisbane in 2005. The two sides will carry out closer cooperation in the fields of science and technology, culture, education, sports, health, tourism, agriculture etc.

Brisbane, the gateway to Asia-pacific region, is one of the major transportation and commercial center of Australia. It attracts Australia's second largest international visitors and its airport is the busiest one in the Queensland. Brisbane develops rapidly, because all the Australia’s most important companies or large multinational companies locate their offices here. The economic strategy of Brisbane includes strengthening the cooperation with sister city, attracting foreign investment, and promoting the development of the real economy. A lot of Chinese enterprises have been to Brisbane to seek cooperation, such as Shenhua Group Corporation Limited, China Minmetals Corporation, Aluminum Corporation of China, Chongqing Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd, and other large energy companies. At the same time, the corporations of Australia are also active to participate and cooperate to Chinese enterprises, for example the two mining giants (BHP Billiton and Rio tin).

Enterprise DipIomacy

Enterprise diplomacy was put into practice in recent years, Zhao Qizheng ,who was the former director of the State Council Information Office of China ,was an internationally experienced diplomat ,he pointed out that enterprises are a significant role in public diplomacy. America scholar Keith Reinhard declared public diplomacy should be business-related. The actions of enterprise diplomacy are not only consistent with their own interests and contributions to national, but also flexibly influence and easy to accept. enterprise diplomacy is generally spread through certain means to shape the product and brand image, it can through the multi-angle, large-scale, long a direct impact on foreign audiences .Enterprise diplomatic channels have spread more, a wide range of skills, low cost, easy to win public trust and other advantages, so the public trust is the core of the target company's diplomacy. Enhance their professional competence, communication sincerity, friendship and goodwill is a fundamental aspect of diplomatic credibility enterprise construction.

“Going-out” Strategy

Going-out strategy is so called international operation strategy. It was officially put forward during the Third Session of the 9th National People’s Congress in March, 2000 and it will be fully put into practice in the time of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. The main content of this strategy is that Chinese companies could get full use of outside and inside market under the precondition which Chinese companies must play the leading role so that they can serve Chinese companies’ strategies. The main means of this strategy include foreign direct investment, foreign labor cooperation, international engineering contracting etc. “Going-out” strategy is very important to China. It will help China expand the market space, optimize the industrial structure etc. For China, choosing this strategy is inevitable. And it will also improve the relationships between China and the surroundings. It may improve Chinese company’s competitiveness in marketing area.

China MinmetaIs Corporation Cooperated with AustraIian Enterprises

August 18, 2014, a resource exploration corporation belonging to China Minmetals Corporation ("Minmetals") launched with the Australian Nimrod Resources Ltd. and a joint exploration technology committee signing ceremony held in Beijing. The signing ceremony marked the Chinese enterprises "going out" strategy going one step further. Minmetals, participating in cooperation, will play to their strengths, to participate in the Australian resources exploration, to discover high quality mineral resources, to provide a stage for international cooperation at the level of techniques and methods.

Minmetals has a long history of investment development in Australia. In the early 1980s, Minmetals set up a subsidiary in Australia to carry out import and export trade business, with the deepening of the corporation transformation, business involving a number of areas such as trade, mineral development, and real estate. In 2009, China Minmetals Corporation has spent $ 1.386 billion acquisition of Australia's third-largest mining company--OZ Mining Company. In the development of more than 60 years, the Minmetals always adhering to the “treasure limited, create unlimited,” sustainable development concepts, pursuing the “friendly cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win results” principles, and abiding by the relevant provisions of the Australian Government, to implement the localization operation in Australia.

Minmetals becomes a successful case of Chinese enterprises “going out” strategy, which is a good practice of “corporate diplomacy”. In 2013, Minmetals’ gross profit reached 6.472 billion yuan, ranked 133th of the Fortune Global 500, ranked No. 2 in the metals enterprises. Minmetals increases its visibility in the international arena with strength, shapes its products and brands with services and ideas, creates its corporate image, thus enhances the Minmetals’ public's trust, which is one of the reasons attracting the Nimrod Cooperation. Minmetals provides a good reference for Chinese enterprises to “going out”.

Chongqing Iron & SteeI (Group) Co., Ltd. Purchased AustraIian iron ore

Chongqing Chong gang Minerals Development Investment Limited (CCMD) singed an investment framework agreement with Asian Iron & Steel Shareholding Co., Ltd. a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chenglong Investment Co. Ltd. According to the agreement, approving by officials of Australian and china, CCMD become 60% shareholder of Asia Iron with less than 258 million Australian dollars. Project construction is expected to end in 2013, in 2014 the mine into production, and to achieve an annual output of 10 million tons of high quality magnetite target. As a result, this project will ensure a stable supply of iron ore required for the production of CCMD, iron ore sources to solve the problem of CCMD ten years have not resolved, and effectively avoid the risk of increasing prices of imported iron ore.

Asia Iron gained a base for Australian iron ore mining rights. In final, CCMD can stand out in the domestic competition with CCMD actively accept the recommendations of the local government has a close relationship. As the subject of Chongqing “going out”strategy, CCMD had consulted with the local government has repeatedly on environmental assessment, transportation and other issues in the process of constructing Extension Hill Finally, the CCMD accept the recommendations of the local government investment in building pipelines, through the Pacific will be shipped Extension Hill Magnetite back to Chongqing. CCMD practice is not only to win Australia's bid, to a deeper level, it established public images that Chinese enterprises should have during the process of going out.

The G20 Summit HeId in Brisbane

November 15 to 16, 2014, the group of 20 (G20) head of the ninth summit held in Brisbane, Australia, the theme of the summit is "economic growth, employment and withstand risks. Specific issues including world economy, international trade, energy, improve the economic ability to resist risk, Summit will put forward new measures in promoting world economic growth, making the G20 overall growth strategy. In constructing the open world economy form new consensus and continue to oppose trade and investment protectionism, jointly safeguard the multilateral trade system.

The G20 summit in Brisbane will more widely by the international community to understand, to bring more business opportunities, local promote local economic and social development."Brisbane is an open and friendly city, we will show itself to the world by our help."Brisbane, a government official says when accepting a reporter to interview. At the Summit, leaders of the G20 countries, international organizations will attend and about 4000 members of the delegation, 3000 media reporters gathered in Brisbane.

Brisbane attaches great importance to its relations with China, until now, Brisbane has 9 sister cities, and 2 of them are in China, they are Shenzhen and Chongqing city, and Brisbane founded twin-city-relations with them in 1992 and 2005 respectively. Brisbane city’s current mayor Graham Quirk has visited China many times, and he led 45 Brisbane entrepreneurs to visit China last year. In recent years, Brisbane and China's economic, cultural, scientific and technological exchanges are getting closer. According to statistics approximately 28% of China-to-Australia investments are concentrated in Queensland, and Queensland’s rich resources are the key reason for Chinese enterprises to invest in Australia. And the Great Barrier Reef and the Gold Coast, as Australia's tourist attractions are located in Queensland, which attracts a large number of Chinese tourists every year, and it keeps nearly 15% annual growth rate.

Graham Quirk said that China has become Australia's largest trading partner, the largest export market and the largest source of imports. Establishing good relations with China will help Australia to better achieve its own development. Australia looks forward to more cooperation with China in the future.

Enterprise Diplomacy: Pushing Sino-Australian Cooperation into A New Period

□ Written by Liu Hongyu (post-graduate student, School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University)

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